Category: Fiber Transceivers

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Optical splitters are quite possibly of the main uninvolved part in fiber optic connections, and are fiber optic couple gadgets that can have various data sources and different results. The ordinarily utilized Mx N demonstrates that an optical splitter has M information terminals and N yield terminals.

The Functioning Standard of Optical Splitter

At the point when a solitary mode fiber conducts optical signs, the light energy isn’t totally moved in the fiber center, and a limited quantity is communicated through the cladding near the fiber center. All in all, assuming that the centers of the two strands are adequately close, the mode field of the light sent in one fiber can enter the other fiber, and the optical sign is reallocated in the two filaments.

As of now, there are two kinds of optical splitters that can address the issues of optical parting: one is a Planar Lightwave Circuit(PLC) splitter created in view of optical combination innovation. Another is a Combined Biconical Tape (FBT) splitter created by a customary optical latent gadget. Producer utilizes a conventional Melded Biconical Tape process. These two sorts of gadgets enjoy their own benefits. Clients can pick these two sorts of light dividing gadgets sensibly as indicated by various applications and requirements. UnitekFiber makes a short prologue to PLC splitter and FTB splitter.

PLC(Planar Lightwave Circuit ) Optical Splitter

The planar lightwave circuit innovation is to utilize semiconductor innovation to make optical lightwave stretching gadgets. The shunting capability is finished on the chip. It can accomplish up to 1X32 shunts on a chip. Then, the info and result multi-channel fiber clusters are coupled at the two closures of the chip.

The upsides of PLC Optical spliiter are the misfortune isn’t delicate to the frequency of the communicated light, and it can meet the transmission needs of various frequencies. The light is equally conveyed, and the signs can be uniformly disseminated to clients. It is in a minimized construction and little size, can be straightforwardly introduced in the current different exchange boxes without leaving an enormous establishment space. There are many shunt channels for a solitary gadget, which can arrive at in excess of 32 channels. The PLC splitter multi-channel cost is low.

Melded Biconical Tape (FBT) Splitter

Melded Biconical tightening innovation is to package at least two optical strands together, then, at that point, dissolve and stretch them on a tightened machine, and screen the difference in the parting proportion progressively. After the parting proportion arrives at the necessities, the softening and extending closes. One end holds one fiber (the rest is cut off) as the info, and the opposite end is utilized as the various result.

The fundamental benefits of FBT Splitter are the tightened coupler has over 20 years of history and experience. Numerous gear and cycles can be utilized, and the improvement consumption is a couple of tenths or even a hundredth of the PLC splitter. The split proportion can be observed progressively as required, and inconsistent splitters can be made.

The principal disservices of FBT Splitter are the misfortune is delicate to the frequency of the light, and the gadget is by and large chose by the frequency. This is a lethal imperfection in the utilization of the triple play, on the grounds that the optical signs sent in the triple play are 1310nm, 1490nm, 1550nm frequency signal. The light unifornity of FBT splitter is poor, the ostensible most extreme distinction of 1X4 is around 1.5dB, and the thing that matters is more prominent than 1x 8, which can not guarantee uniform light parting and may influence the general transmission distance. The inclusion misfortune has a lot of progress with temperature . The FBT splitter, (for example, 1x 16, 1×32) is generally enormous, the unwavering quality will be diminished, and the establishment space is restricted.

These two gadgets of PLC splitter and FBT splitter enjoy their own benefits regarding execution and cost, and both interaction innovations are continually being moved up to defeat their inadequacies constantly. The FBT splitter is taking care of the issues of modest number of expendable shape and unfortunate consistency. What’s more, the PLC splitters are likewise putting forth unremitting attempts to lessen costs. As of now, the expense of the two gadgets above 1X8 is practically something similar. With the increment of divided channels, the cost of planar waveguide splitters is better.

The most effective method to pick these two gadgets of PLC splitter and FBT splitter relies upon the application and client necessities. In certain applications where volume and light frequency are not exceptionally delicate, particularly when there are not many branches, picking a FBT splitter is more conservative. For free information transmission, a 1310nm FBT splitter is utilized. Television video organization can pick 1550nm FBT splitter. On account of three-in-one, FTTH, and so on that require different frequencies of optical transmission and numerous clients, a PLC splitter ought to be chosen.

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The difference of End Grinding Angle

PC is Physical Contact. PC is a microsphere grinding and polishing, the surface of the ferrule is ground into a slight spherical surface, and the fiber core is located at the highest point of bending. This can effectively reduce the air gap between the fiber components and bring the two fiber end faces into physical contact.

UPC (Ultra Physical Contact). The end face of the UPC connector is not completely flat, there is a slight arc to achieve more accurate mating. UPC is based on PC to optimize the end surface polishing and surface finish, and the end surface looks more domed.

APC (Angled Physical Contact) is called beveled physical contact, and the end face of the fiber is usually ground into an 8 ° bevel. The 8 ° angle bevel makes the fiber end face tighter, and reflects light through its bevel angle to the cladding instead of returning directly to the light source, providing better connection performance.

Different colors

The APC connector is usually green, and the UPC / PC connector is blue.

Return loss and insertion loss

Different grinding methods determine the quality of fiber transmission, which is mainly reflected in return loss and insertion loss. Insertion loss (Insertion Loss) refers to the signal loss generated by the connector or cable. In general, the typical insertion loss of PC, UPC and APC connectors should be less than 0.3dB. Compared with APC connectors, UPC / PC connectors are usually easier to achieve low insertion loss due to the smaller air gap. Insertion loss can also be caused by dust particles between the end faces of the connector.

Return loss (Return Loss), also known as reflection loss, is a parameter representing the signal reflection performance. Usually expressed in negative dB value, the higher the value of the parameter, the better. The end faces of APC connectors are beveled, so the return loss of APC connectors is usually better than UPC connectors. In general, the return loss of a fiber optic patch cable using a PC grinding method is -40dB. UPC return loss is higher relative to PC, generally at -55dB (or even higher). APC industry standard return loss is -65dB. When using the UPC connector, part of the reflected light is emitted back to the light source, and the beveled end face of the APC connector will cause a part of the reflected light to be reflected to the cladding at an angle, thereby reducing more reflected light to return to the light source. This is the main factor that causes the return loss to differ.

The Application of Connector

PC is the most common grinding method for optical fiber connectors on optical fiber jumpers, and is widely used in telecommunication operator equipment. UPC is usually used in Ethernet network equipment (such as ODF fiber distribution frames, media converters and fiber switches, etc.), digital, cable television and telephone systems. APC is generally used in optical radio frequency applications such as CATV, and also in optical passive applications, such as PON network structures or passive optical local area networks.

The connector connection needs to have the same end structure. For example, the end surface of APC is ground to an 8 degree angle. APC cannot be combined with UPC, which will cause the performance of the connector to decrease. However, the end faces of PC and UPC fibers are flat, the difference is in the quality of the grinding, so the mixed connection of PC and UPC will not cause permanent physical damage to the connector.

fiber-mart.com has 10 years of experience in the research and development of passive basic components for optical communications, and supplies various types of optical fiber jumpers, fiber connectors, fiber adapters and other optical connection products. fiber-mart.com is a national high-tech enterprise focusing on the research, development, manufacturing, sales and service of passive basic components for optical communications. The company’s main products are: optical fiber connectors (high-density optical connectors for data centers), wavelength division multiplexers, optical splitters, and optical switches. 4G / 5G network, Internet data center, national defense communication and other fields.

In order to make the end faces of the two optical fibers better connect, the ferrule end face of the fiber jumper is usually ground into different structures. Common grinding methods are: PC, APC, UPC. PC / APC / UPC represents the front surface structure of ceramic ferrule.

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Switching is a technology collectively referred to the requirements of transmitting information at both ends of the communication, using manual or equipment to automatically complete the information to be transmitted to the corresponding route that meets the requirements. A network switch in the broad sense is a device that performs information exchange functions in a communication system.

In the computer network system, the exchange concept is proposed to improve the shared working mode. The hub we introduced before is a shared device. HUB itself cannot identify the destination address. When A host in the same LAN transmits data to B host, the data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner on the network based on HUB. Each terminal determines whether to receive it by verifying the address information of the data packet header. That is to say, in this working mode, only one group of data frames can be transmitted on the network at a time. If a collision occurs, you must retry. This way is to share network bandwidth.

The Network switch has a very high-bandwidth back bus and internal switching matrix. All the ports of the network switch are connected to this back bus. After the control circuit receives the data packet, the processing port will look up the address comparison table in the memory to determine which port the NIC network card of the destination MAC network card is connected to. The data packet is quickly transmitted to the destination port through the internal switching matrix. If the destination MAC does not exist, it is broadcast to all ports. After receiving the response from the port, the network switch will “learn” the new address and add it to the internal MAC address table. Using a network switch can also “segment” the network. By comparing the MAC address table, the Network switch allows only necessary network traffic to pass through the Network switch. The filtering and forwarding of the switch can effectively isolate broadcast storms, reduce the occurrence of error packets and error packets, and avoid sharing conflicts.

The network switch can perform data transmission between multiple port pairs at the same time. Each port can be regarded as an independent network segment, and the network equipment connected to it can enjoy the full bandwidth alone without competing with other equipment. When node A sends data to node D, node B can send data to node C at the same time, and both transmissions enjoy the full bandwidth of the network and have their own virtual connection. If a 10Mbps Ethernet switch is used here, the total traffic of the switch at this time is equal to 2 X 10Mbps = 20Mbps, and when a 10Mbps shared HUB is used, the total traffic of a HUB will not exceed 10Mbps.

The Applications of Network Switch

As the main connection device of the local area network, Ethernet switches have become one of the most popular network devices. With the continuous development of switching technology, the price of Ethernet switches has dropped sharply, and switching to the desktop is the general trend.

If your Ethernet network has a large number of users, busy applications, and various servers, and you have not made any adjustments to the network structure, the performance of the entire network may be very low. One solution is to add a 10 / 100Mbps switch to the Ethernet, which can not only handle 10Mbps regular Ethernet data streams, but also support 100Mbps fast Ethernet connections.

If the network utilization exceeds 40% and the collision rate is greater than 10%, the network switch can help you solve a little problem. Ethernet witches with 100Mbps Fast Ethernet and 10Mbps Ethernet ports can operate in full duplex mode and can establish dedicated 20Mbps to 200Mbps connections.

Not only do the roles of network switches differ in different network environments, the effects of adding new network switches and adding existing network switch ports to the network in the same network environment are also different. Fully understanding and grasping the traffic patterns of the network is a very important factor in whether it can play the role of a network switch. Because the purpose of using a network switch is to reduce and filter the data traffic in the network as much as possible, if a network switch in the network is improperly installed and needs to forward almost all the received data packets, the network switch cannot optimize its network. The effect of performance has reduced the data transmission speed and increased the network delay.

In addition to the installation location, if the network switches are added blindly in networks with less load and less information, it may also have a negative impact. Affected by factors such as the processing time of the data packet, the buffer size of the switch, and the need to regenerate new data packets, using a simple HUB in this case is more ideal than a network switch. Therefore, we cannot assume that network switches have advantages over HUBs, especially when the user’s network is not crowded and there is still a lot of available space, using HUBs can make full use of the existing resources of the network.

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With the rapid development of the network, the 40G network has now become so popular, and the 100G network is also widely used. Nowadays, the traditional fiber optical LC connection can no longer meet the high speed and high density requirements of the data center. In this case, it becomes very important to obtain a higher transmission rate and find a suitable solution for high-density wiring. However, the emergence of MTP/MPO connection standards and MTP/MPO related products is indeed a good news for high-density cabling. It can replace 12 or 24 LC connectors at the same time. Therefore, it is the perfect solution for high-performance data transmission.

The MPO/MTP patch panel occupies a dominant position in the high-density wiring environment. As a high-density pre-terminated fiber optic equipment, it has the characteristics of flexible deployment and can not only provide conversion between MTP/MPO connectors and LC or SC connectors and help high-density networks to achieve rapid deployment, but also reduce the installation time and cost of optical networks. In addition, MTP/MPO distribution box is often used for MDA (main distribution area), IDC (Internet data center) or EDA (equipment distribution area) distribution area fiber backbone connection and fiber cabling management, MTP/MPO optic fiber distribution box can also be installed in a rack-mounted or wall-mounted cabinet to achieve capacity expansion.

1. It is usually installed in 19-inch racks and cabinets for centralized management of module boxes.

2. It can increase the number of ports through MPO/MTP modular design and provide high-density fiber connection.

3. MPO/MTP 1U fiber distribution box can be installed with MPO/MTP cassette modules, the MPO/MTP cassettes is installed with duplex LC adapters, the maximum number of fiber cores can be managed up to 96 cores.

4. MPO/MTP 2U fiber distribution box can be installed with 8 MPO/MTP pre-terminated cassettes, the MPO/MTP module box can be installed with duplex LC adapter to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 192 cores, and the MPO/MTP cassettes can be installed with simplex SC adapter to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 96 cores.

5. MPO/MTP 4U fiber distribution box can be install with 12 MPO/MTP pre-termination cassettes. The LC adapter can be installed in the PO/MTP cassettes to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 288 cores, and the simplex SC adapter in the PO/MTP cassettes can manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 144 cores.

6. The design of optical fiber MPO/MTP patch panel includes cable manager and labeling strip.

7. It has the advantages of convenient installation and cable management.

8. Compare with the traditional fiber optical patch panel, the density of MPO/MTP fiber optic box is more than four times, which greatly saves the space of the cabinet, improves the utilization rate of the cabinet, and creates value for the construction of the data center.

The Application of MPO/MTP Pre-terminated Patch Panel

The MPO/MTP pre-terminated fiber optic patch panel is the end point of a backbone optical cable, which is equivalent to a device that breakout an optical cable into a single optical fiber. Its function is to provide MPO/MTP trunk jumpers and MPO/MTP adapter pre-connected, MPO/MTP to LC/SC jumper and LC/SC adapter connection. It provides mechanical protection and environmental protection for optical fibers and their components, and allows appropriate inspections to maintain high standards of optical fiber management.

UnitekFiber provides customized high-quality optical fiber Patch Panels, MPO/MTP Distribution box and other fiber optical products according to customer needs. With more than 10 yeas developement, UniteFiber supplies high-density optical fiber products, PLC optical splitters, WDM wavelength division multiplexers, optical switches and other products, which are widely used in FTTx, telecommunications, 5G networks, data centers and other fields.

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Nowadays, fiber optic patch panel is becoming popular in optical fiber wiring systems, especially in high-density wiring environments such as data centers and server rooms. Fiber optic patch panel is convenient for people to access the optical fiber cables in the box, and can protect the optical fiber cables well. In addition, the drawer type structure helps the high-density wiring and cable management. Since the optical fiber cable is fragile and easily damaged by pulling, bending or squeezing, we should be very careful when installing the optical fiber cables in the fiber optic patch panel.

The installation of fiber optic patch panel can be divided into three steps: installing the optical fiber patch panel on the rack, introducing the fiber optic cable into the optical ffiber optic patch panel, and planning the optical fiber cable path in the optical fiber patch panel. Here is the detailed description of the three steps:

1. How do install the fiber optic patch panel on the rack?

This step is very easy, we only need to install the brackets on both sides of the optical fiber patch panel, and then fix the brackets at the designated position of the rack with screws (as shown in the figure below). Before installing the ooptical fiber patch panel, we should first confirm the installation direction of the optical distribution box according to the needs. 

2. How to Introduce optical fiber cable into the fiber patch panel?

After fixing the optical fiber patch panel on the rack, the optical fiber cable can be introduced into the optical fiber patch panel through the cable hole. At this time, it is necessary to prepare a suitable sheath to help us guide and fix the optical fiber cable in the optical fiber patch panel. The optical fiber cable here usually uses pre-terminated branch fiber jumpers or pigtails. 

Since the front panel of the optical fiber patch panel can be pulled out, the length of the fiber optic trunk cable in the patch panel should be long enough. As shown in the figure below, in order to ensure that the optical fiber cable will not withstand excessive tension when the front panel of the patch panel is fully pulled out, , the cable length between A and B should not be less than 31 inches.In addition, A, B and other necessary positions in fiber patch panel need to use cable ties to fix the optical cables. The movable cable ties are also used in the above picture. Single branch cable does not need to be fixed with cable tie.

After fixing the optical trunk cable, you can start routing the branch optical cables. Firstly, connect each pre-terminated fiber optic pigtails to the adapter panel to ensure that the ports correspond to each other. Then fix the optical fiber adapter panel to the front panel of the distribution box through the bending radius control clip. In this process, be careful not to exceed the bending radius of each optical cable.

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DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is the so-called Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology, which refers to a fiber optic data transmission technology, which uses the wavelength of the laser to transmit according to bits or string line transmission in the optical fiber. And DWDM optical transceiver module is the optical transceiver that combines this technology, there are 40 conventional channels.

DWDM optical transceiver modules have different fields of industrial communication networks, including long-distance backbone networks, metropolitan area networks (MAN), residential access networks and local area networks, etc. Today UnitekFiber will share and learn the relevant knowledge of DWDM optical transceiver modules.

What are the applications of DWDM optical transceiver modules？

DWDM optical transceiver modules amplify DWDM network optical fiber communication and fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, they fix ring topology and reconfigurable QADM etc.

What are the advantages of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules support pluggable and tunable, and there are 40 common channels to choose from. This achievement greatly reduces the demand for independent pluggable modules. On demand, DWDM optical transceiver modules have different channel intervals such as 0.4nm, 0.8nm, and 1.6nm, which can support long-distance transmission up to 100km, which can be used as an effective solution for line bandwidth expansion.

What are the classifications of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules on the market usually include: DWDM SFP, DWDM SFP+, DWDM XFP, DWDM X2, and DWDM XENPAK optical modules.