Author: Fiber-MART.COM

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With the rapid development of the network, the 40G network has now become so popular, and the 100G network is also widely used. Nowadays, the traditional fiber optical LC connection can no longer meet the high speed and high density requirements of the data center. In this case, it becomes very important to obtain a higher transmission rate and find a suitable solution for high-density wiring. However, the emergence of MTP/MPO connection standards and MTP/MPO related products is indeed a good news for high-density cabling. It can replace 12 or 24 LC connectors at the same time. Therefore, it is the perfect solution for high-performance data transmission.

The MPO/MTP patch panel occupies a dominant position in the high-density wiring environment. As a high-density pre-terminated fiber optic equipment, it has the characteristics of flexible deployment and can not only provide conversion between MTP/MPO connectors and LC or SC connectors and help high-density networks to achieve rapid deployment, but also reduce the installation time and cost of optical networks. In addition, MTP/MPO distribution box is often used for MDA (main distribution area), IDC (Internet data center) or EDA (equipment distribution area) distribution area fiber backbone connection and fiber cabling management, MTP/MPO optic fiber distribution box can also be installed in a rack-mounted or wall-mounted cabinet to achieve capacity expansion.

1. It is usually installed in 19-inch racks and cabinets for centralized management of module boxes.

2. It can increase the number of ports through MPO/MTP modular design and provide high-density fiber connection.

3. MPO/MTP 1U fiber distribution box can be installed with MPO/MTP cassette modules, the MPO/MTP cassettes is installed with duplex LC adapters, the maximum number of fiber cores can be managed up to 96 cores.

4. MPO/MTP 2U fiber distribution box can be installed with 8 MPO/MTP pre-terminated cassettes, the MPO/MTP module box can be installed with duplex LC adapter to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 192 cores, and the MPO/MTP cassettes can be installed with simplex SC adapter to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 96 cores.

5. MPO/MTP 4U fiber distribution box can be install with 12 MPO/MTP pre-termination cassettes. The LC adapter can be installed in the PO/MTP cassettes to manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 288 cores, and the simplex SC adapter in the PO/MTP cassettes can manage the maximum number of fiber cores up to 144 cores.

6. The design of optical fiber MPO/MTP patch panel includes cable manager and labeling strip.

7. It has the advantages of convenient installation and cable management.

8. Compare with the traditional fiber optical patch panel, the density of MPO/MTP fiber optic box is more than four times, which greatly saves the space of the cabinet, improves the utilization rate of the cabinet, and creates value for the construction of the data center.

The Application of MPO/MTP Pre-terminated Patch Panel

The MPO/MTP pre-terminated fiber optic patch panel is the end point of a backbone optical cable, which is equivalent to a device that breakout an optical cable into a single optical fiber. Its function is to provide MPO/MTP trunk jumpers and MPO/MTP adapter pre-connected, MPO/MTP to LC/SC jumper and LC/SC adapter connection. It provides mechanical protection and environmental protection for optical fibers and their components, and allows appropriate inspections to maintain high standards of optical fiber management.

UnitekFiber provides customized high-quality optical fiber Patch Panels, MPO/MTP Distribution box and other fiber optical products according to customer needs. With more than 10 yeas developement, UniteFiber supplies high-density optical fiber products, PLC optical splitters, WDM wavelength division multiplexers, optical switches and other products, which are widely used in FTTx, telecommunications, 5G networks, data centers and other fields.

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Nowadays, fiber optic patch panel is becoming popular in optical fiber wiring systems, especially in high-density wiring environments such as data centers and server rooms. Fiber optic patch panel is convenient for people to access the optical fiber cables in the box, and can protect the optical fiber cables well. In addition, the drawer type structure helps the high-density wiring and cable management. Since the optical fiber cable is fragile and easily damaged by pulling, bending or squeezing, we should be very careful when installing the optical fiber cables in the fiber optic patch panel.

The installation of fiber optic patch panel can be divided into three steps: installing the optical fiber patch panel on the rack, introducing the fiber optic cable into the optical ffiber optic patch panel, and planning the optical fiber cable path in the optical fiber patch panel. Here is the detailed description of the three steps:

1. How do install the fiber optic patch panel on the rack?

This step is very easy, we only need to install the brackets on both sides of the optical fiber patch panel, and then fix the brackets at the designated position of the rack with screws (as shown in the figure below). Before installing the ooptical fiber patch panel, we should first confirm the installation direction of the optical distribution box according to the needs. 

2. How to Introduce optical fiber cable into the fiber patch panel?

After fixing the optical fiber patch panel on the rack, the optical fiber cable can be introduced into the optical fiber patch panel through the cable hole. At this time, it is necessary to prepare a suitable sheath to help us guide and fix the optical fiber cable in the optical fiber patch panel. The optical fiber cable here usually uses pre-terminated branch fiber jumpers or pigtails. 

Since the front panel of the optical fiber patch panel can be pulled out, the length of the fiber optic trunk cable in the patch panel should be long enough. As shown in the figure below, in order to ensure that the optical fiber cable will not withstand excessive tension when the front panel of the patch panel is fully pulled out, , the cable length between A and B should not be less than 31 inches.In addition, A, B and other necessary positions in fiber patch panel need to use cable ties to fix the optical cables. The movable cable ties are also used in the above picture. Single branch cable does not need to be fixed with cable tie.

After fixing the optical trunk cable, you can start routing the branch optical cables. Firstly, connect each pre-terminated fiber optic pigtails to the adapter panel to ensure that the ports correspond to each other. Then fix the optical fiber adapter panel to the front panel of the distribution box through the bending radius control clip. In this process, be careful not to exceed the bending radius of each optical cable.

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DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is the so-called Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology, which refers to a fiber optic data transmission technology, which uses the wavelength of the laser to transmit according to bits or string line transmission in the optical fiber. And DWDM optical transceiver module is the optical transceiver that combines this technology, there are 40 conventional channels.

DWDM optical transceiver modules have different fields of industrial communication networks, including long-distance backbone networks, metropolitan area networks (MAN), residential access networks and local area networks, etc. Today UnitekFiber will share and learn the relevant knowledge of DWDM optical transceiver modules.

What are the applications of DWDM optical transceiver modules？

DWDM optical transceiver modules amplify DWDM network optical fiber communication and fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, they fix ring topology and reconfigurable QADM etc.

What are the advantages of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules support pluggable and tunable, and there are 40 common channels to choose from. This achievement greatly reduces the demand for independent pluggable modules. On demand, DWDM optical transceiver modules have different channel intervals such as 0.4nm, 0.8nm, and 1.6nm, which can support long-distance transmission up to 100km, which can be used as an effective solution for line bandwidth expansion.

What are the classifications of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules on the market usually include: DWDM SFP, DWDM SFP+, DWDM XFP, DWDM X2, and DWDM XENPAK optical modules.

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What is 24 fibers MTP/MPO Cabling?

24cores MTP/MPO cabling is a high-density wiring solution based on 24 core MTP/MPO cables. Compared with 24 fibers cabling that uses three 8 fibers MTP/MPO cables or two 12 fibers MTP/MPO cables, one 24 fibers MTP/MPO cable can provide higher density.

24 fiber MPO/MTP Cabling in 40G/100G Network Solution

Compared with the traditional single-core dual-core optical fiber cabling, the 24 fibes MPO/MTP cabling has more advantages to some extent. Although the duplex LC connector occupies the same space as a single MTP connector, a single MTP connector can support 24 cores and can achieve a higher connection density. Therefore, when the network grows from 10Gbps to 40G or 100G, it will use 24 fiber MTP/MPO structured cabling, which is convenient to support more and more advanced applications (such as AR, VR). 24 fibers MTP/MPO cabling based on 24 fibers MTP/MPO cables can provide different types of solutions for 40G/100G networks. The following four typical 24 fibers MTP/MPO cabling solutions.

Solution 1: 24 fiber MTP/MPO Cable based Cross Connection

As shown in the figure below, the 24 cores MTP/MPO fiber jumper can be converted from 24 fibers to dual-core by using a 24 cores MTP-LC fiber distribution box. Among them, polarity B MTP/MPO fiber optic patch cords and 8-core/12-core MTP fiber optic patch cords have a similar way to manage port polarity. Compared with 8-core and 12-core MTP fiber optic patch cords, 24-core MTP fiber optic patch cords can achieve higher port density, which is three times that of 8-core MTP fiber optic patch cords and two-core MTP fiber optic patch cords. Times. In addition, for the realization of 144 cores, the area occupied by the 24-core MTP connector is about 30% less than that of the 12-core MTP connector. Because of this, the 24-core MTP fiber jumper is much higher. Density applications are welcome.

Solution 2: LC Fiber Patch Cord based Cross Connection

Different from the MTP/MPO cross-connection, this solution is suitable for the situation with limited 24core MTP/MPO fiber jumpers (that is, there is no additional 24-core MTP/MPO fiber jumper). In order to increase network flexibility, two 24core MTP/MPO fiber jumpers are used. Use MTP/MPO-LC optical fiber distribution box and duplex LC optical fiber jumper to establish a communication link between the lines. This deployment can realize dual optical fiber and parallel multi-fiber connection on the optical fiber.

Solution 3:  Adopt with MTP/MPO branch Cables

Different from solution 1, the MTP/MPO branch fiber optic patch cord and MTP/MPO fiber adapter panel in this solution replace the MTP/MPO-LC fiber distribution box and LC fiber optic patch cord combination part in solution 1. This change greatly increases the panel The connection density on the. In this solution, the 8-port 24-core MTP/MPO optical fiber adapter panel can support up to 192-core optical fiber. For QSFP applications, the density of a 24-core MTP/MPO adapter panel under the same port (such as 8 ports) is three times that of an 8-core MTP panel.

Solution 4: MTP/MPO Trunk Cables Parallel Connection

Compared with 8fibers/12fibers MTP/MPO cabling, 24fibers MTP/MPO cabling can support a wider range of parallel applications. For example, 24fibers MTP/MPO cabling can provide 100G SR-10 applications with only ten pairs of 10x10G configuration multi-mode fiber to achieve connection, even if some vendors have extended 100G SR-10 applications to provide 12x10G (120G), 24-core MTP/MPO fiber jumper can also provide the simplest and direct connection for its application.

Among them, in 120G parallel applications, 120G ports can be configured as 12 independent 10G links, and then connected to the server through a 24-core MTP-12LC duplex branch fiber jumper. At the same time, it can also be configured as 3 40G links, connected to the network switch through a 24-core MTP-3×8-core MTP fiber jumper.

To sum up

24 fibers MTP/MPO cabling based on 24-core MTP/MPO cables connection is the most cost-effective solution for deploying parallel and duplex fiber applications. Compared with three 8-pin MTP/MPO connectors and two 12-pin MTP/MPO connectors, 24-pin MTP/MPO connectors provide higher density and effectively shorten the cleaning and inspection time during MTP system installation.

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Today’s data centers are no longer just one or a few computer rooms, but a group of data center clusters. In order to realize the normal operation of various Internet services and application markets, data centers are required to operate in coordination. The real-time mass exchange of information between data centers has created the demand for data center interconnection networks, and optical fiber communication has become a necessary means to achieve interconnection.

Different from the traditional telecommunication access network transmission equipment, the data center interconnection requires higher speed, lower power consumption, and smaller size of the switching equipment in order to realize larger and denser transmission of information. The SFP optical transceiver is a core factor that determines whether these performances can be achieved. The information network mainly uses optical fiber as the transmission medium, but the current calculation and analysis must be based on electrical signals, and the SFP optical transceiver is the core device for realizing photoelectric conversion.

The Three Applications of SFP Optical Transceivers

(1) From the data center to the user, it is generated by end-user behaviors such as accessing the cloud to browse web pages, send and receive emails, and stream video;

(2) Data center interconnection, mainly used for data replication, software and system upgrade;

(3) Inside the data center, it is mainly used for information storage, generation and mining.  

What is CWDM SFP optical Transceiver?

The CWDM SFP optical transceiver adopts CWDM technology, which can combine optical signals of different wavelengths through an external wavelength division multiplexer, and transmit them through a single fiber, thereby saving fiber resources. At the same time, the receiving end needs to use a wavelength demultiplexer to decompose the complex optical signal.

CWDM transceiver modules are usually used in CWDM systems. In a WDM system, the CWDM SFP module is inserted into the switch, and the CWDM SFP module and the CWDM demultiplexer or OADM optical add-drop multiplexer are connected to work with fiber optic jumpers.

The SPF optical Transceiver Module Application in 5G Network

The 5G era is coming, bringing unlimited business opportunities to the field of optical communication. SFP modules based on 5G base stations have become a research hotspot in the past two years. The 5G network is generally divided into metro access layer, metro aggregation layer, metro core layer/provincial trunk line, and realizes the fronthaul and mid-backhaul functions of 5G services. The devices at each layer mainly rely on SFP modules to achieve interconnection.

The typical requirements for optical modules in 5G fronthaul application scenarios are as follows:

(1) Meet the industrial temperature range and high reliability requirements: Considering the full outdoor application environment of AAU, the fronthaul optical module must meet the industrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C, as well as dustproof requirements.

(2) Low cost: The total demand for 5G SFP modules is expected to exceed 4G. In particular, there may be tens of millions of demand for front-haul optical modules. Low cost is one of the main demands of the industry for SFP optical modules. In 5G, the backhaul covers the access layer, aggregation layer and core layer of the metro area. The required SFP optical modules are not much different from those used in the existing transmission network and data center. The access layer will mainly use 25Gb/s, 50Gb/s s, 100Gb/s and other gray light or color light modules, the convergence layer and above will mostly use 100Gb/s, 200Gb/s, 400Gb/s and other rates of DWDM color light modules.

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When two optical fibers are connected, due to the difference in position, shape and structure of the two optical fibers, the energy cannot be 100% from one optical fiber to the other. That is, there will be connection loss. In order to minimize connection loss, the two fibers must be precisely aligned. The main function of the optical fiber adapter is to quickly connect two optical fibers, so that the optical signal can be continuous to form an optical path. And how does the optical fiber adapter realize the accurate connection of the optical fiber?

There are many types of optical fiber adatpers, but the precise alignment between optical fibers depends on two factors. One is a ceramic ferrule with a precise inner diameter, outer diameter, and concentricity, and the other is a ceramic sleeve with a slit. The ceramic sleeve is a very smart design.

You can see how the two optical ferrules are precisely aligned through a ceramic sleeve. The inner diameter of the ceramic sleeve is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the ferrule. Because the sleeve has a slit, the fiber can be inserted. The expanded sleeve tightens the two ferrules to achieve precise alignment.

The core diameter of the single-mode fiber SMF is only about 8 ~ 10μm, in order to ensure low connection loss, the two fibers must be precisely aligned. For single-mode fiber adapter, the lateral misalignment between the two fibers should be less than 0.5um.

However, mere precision alignment is far from enough for fiber connection. We know that light will reflect back at the interface between two different media. The refractive index of quartz fiber at 1.55um is about 1.455, so the reflected echo BR at the end face of the fiber is 3.4%. Back-reflected light will affect the stability of the communication system, and at the same time, each quartz glass-air interface will introduce an insertion loss of about 0.15dB. Therefore, each fiber connector will increase the loss of 0.3dB.

People usually apply antireflection coatings on the end faces to reduce reflected echoes. However, coating problems are not considered in fiber optic adapters. First, the AR coating will increase the cost of the adapter. Second, the fiber connection is not fixed, repeated insertion and removal will damage the AR coating. So, can we apply AR coating on the fiber end face and keep the fiber end face out of contact?

When the two optical fibers are buttted, the longitudinal distance as small as 50um will introduce nearly 1dB loss, which is intolerable in the optical fiber communication system. Therefore, we have reached a consensus that the two fibers must be in contact and the end surface of the fiber cannot be coated. The reflected echo occurs at the interface between two different media, and the air between the fiber end faces must be exhausted, so that the the two fiber ends are in physical contact (PC), as if the medium is fused. Since the optical fiber is fixed in the middle of the ceramic ferrule, any roughness on the ceramic surface will affect the physical contact between the optical fibers. In order to ensure the physical contact between the optical fibers, the ferrule surface is usually ground into a spherical surface. The end surface of the optical fiber is located at the vertex of the spherical surface. This is the second smart design in the optical fiber adapter.

As shown in Figure 1, the ferrule is inserted into the sleeve, and under pressure, the end surface of the ferrule deforms under the pressure, and the deformation of the end surface can ensure physical contact between the optical fibers. Because the physical contact depends on the deformation of the end face, and the ceramic is both wear-resistant and has a certain elasticity, which is why it is selected as the ferrule material rather than glass.

The physical contact between the optical fibers can ensure low loss of the fiber connection point, but the return loss RL can only reach 55dB. For some applications that require higher RL, the end face of the optical fiber connector is ground to a certain angle, which is called a bevel physical contact APC. The fiber end face is usually polished to an 8° slope, and the RL can be increased by an additional 36dB, so the total RL of the APC connector is usually greater than 65dB.

The optical fiber adapter is the most basic optical passive device in the optical fiber communication system. The system’s basic technical requirements for the optical fiber connector include low insertion loss IL and high return loss RL. That is, the lowest possible reflected echo BR. However, as the most widely used optical passive device, its cost and connection convenience are as important as the technical indicators.