Category: Fiber Transceivers

Bigger is much better, right? Or so many people believe. Beginners in fiber optic technology are often confused with why optic attenuators should reduce light intensity. Aren’t we using amplifiers to improve the signal electricity? The fact is that too much light can overload a fiber optic receiver. Optical fiber attenuators are needed when a transmitter delivers too much light, such as when a transmitter is very close to the receiver.

So how exactly does a Fiber Attenuator Work?

Attenuators usually works by absorbing the sunshine, such as a neutral density thin film filter. Or by scattering the sunshine such as an air gap. They should not reflect the light since that could cause unwanted back reflection within the fiber system. Another type of attenuator utilizes a length of high-loss optical fiber, that operates upon its input optical signal power level in such a way that it is output signal power level is less than the input level. The power reduction are done by such means as absorption, reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, and dispersion, etc.

What’s the Most Important Feature Should a Fiber Attenuator Have?

The most crucial spec of an attenuator is its attenuation versus wavelength curve. Attenuators should have the same impact on all wavelengths used in the fiber system or at least as flat as possible. For instance, a 3dB attenuator at 1500nm should also lessen the concentration of light at 1550nm by 3dB or as close as possible, this is also true inside a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system.

Different Types of Attenuators

There are two functional kinds of fiber attenuators: plug style (including bulkhead) and in-line. A plug style attenuator is utilized like a male-female connector where attenuation occurs inside the device, that’s, on the light path from one ferrule to another. Included in this are FC fiber optic attenuator, LC attenuator, SC attenuator, ST attenuator and much more. An in-line attenuator is connected to a transmission fiber by splicing its two pigtails.

The key of operation of attenuators are markedly different simply because they use various phenomena to lower the power of the propagating light. The easiest means would be to bend a fiber. Coil an area cable several times around a pencil while measuring the attenuation with a power meter, then tape this coil. Then you definitely got a primitive but working attenuator.

Most attenuators have fixed values which are specified by decibels (dB). They’re called fiber optic fixed attenuator. For instance, a -3dB attenuator should reduce intensity of the output by 3dB. Manufacturers use various light-absorbing material to attain well-controlled and stable attenuation. For instance, a fiber doped with a transition metal that absorbs light in a predictable way and disperses absorbed energy as a heat.

Variable optical attenuator is also available, but it is usually a precision instrument utilized in making measurements. From fiber-mart.com, you can get the best Variable Attenuators Instrument

Optical attenuator is a very important fiber optic passive components. It’s an indispensable device for fiber CATV. So far the market has formed four series that are fixed-step, variable, continuously variable and intelligent optical attenuator.

Types of Optical Attenuators

A. Displacement Optical Attenuator

As we all know, when the two sections of optical fiber connection, must meet a really high accuracy, in order to make the optical signal a smaller loss transmission previously. Conversely, when the fiber to help make the appropriate alterations in the precision, you can control the amount of attenuation. Displacement-type optical attenuator is based on this principle, the intention of the fiber within the butt, the appearance of certain dislocation. The sunshine energy loss, in order to achieve the purpose of a controlled amount of attenuation, the displacement-type optical attenuator is divided into two types: the lateral displacement type optical attenuator, the axial displacement of the optical attenuator. The lateral displacement from the optical attenuator is a classical method, due to the magnitude from the lateral displacement parameters in the micron level, so generally do not have to produce a variable attenuator is used only for producing fixed attenuator, and the use of welding or stick connection, there is still a sizable market, the benefit of high return loss, generally more than 60 dB. Axial displacement type optical attenuator by mechanical means as long as the process design of two optical fibers a certain distance with the objective, is possible attenuation. This principle is mainly employed for producing fixed optical attenuator and some small variable optical attenuator.

B. Thin-film Optical Attenuator

This attenuator is created while using principle of sunshine in the reflected light concentration of the top of metal thin film film thickness. When the thickness from the metal thin film deposited around the glass substrate is bound, made of a set optical attenuator. Different attenuation can be obtained if inside a different thickness of a disk-shaped metallic thin wax glass substrate, metallic thin film, so that inserted within the optical road to different thicknesses so that you can alter the intensity of the reflected light within the optical fiber inserted obliquely deposited Cover made of the variable attenuator.

C. Attenuation-sheet Optical Attenuator

Attenuation the chip type optical attenuator directly fixed attenuator through an absorption characteristic in the end surface of the optical fiber or even the optical path to attain the reason for the attenuation from the optical signal, this process can not simply be used to produce a fixed optical attenuator can also be used to produce the variable optical attenuator.

Applications of Optical attenuators

A set optical attenuator fixed amount of attenuation of the optical road to the sunshine energy is principally used for its excellent temperature characteristics. Within the commissioning from the system, widely used in analog optical signal through the corresponding period of optical fiber attenuation or reduce the margin from the optical power the relay station may also be used to prevent saturation from the optical receiver; optical test instrument calibration scaling. For different line interface, you can use different fixed attenuator; if the interface is really a pigtail type available pigtail type optical attenuator welded towards the optical path between the two sections of fiber; If you are debugging the machine connector interface converter or inverter-type fixed attenuator.

In practical applications often require attenuation quantity of the optical attenuator could be changed using the user needs. Therefore, a wider range of applying the variable attenuator. For instance, EDFA, CATV optical system design margin of the particular product is not quite the same, the optical power margin of the system BER assessment, to prevent the receiver is saturated, it should be inserted within the system variable optical attenuator, another , fiber optics (such as a power meter or OTDR) measurement, calibration will also make use of the variable attenuator. From the perspective of market demand, on the one hand, the optical attenuator development toward miniaturization, serialization, low price direction. However, due to the common type optical attenuator, optical attenuator is development direction toward high-performance, intelligent optical attenuator, high return loss optical attenuator.

Cutting Machine:

Cutting Machine is used for cutting out parts of articles from layers of cloth card webs or knitted fabric. The technically possible depth of cutting of the layer depends on the design of the cutting machine and on the thickness and properties of the fabrics. Cutting machines may be movable or stationary. The machine is shifted manually relative to the layer along lines drawn on the top card web. The development of apparel sector has led to the invention of various fabric cutting machines. Industrial cutters and cutting machines have led to better efficiency and precision in our work. The invention of these gadgets has reduced considerable efforts in the cutting process of different types of fabrics. Although there are different types of cutting machines used to cut fabrics and the most common type of cutting machines are given below:

Different Types of Fabric Cutting Machine:

According to the operating process, the Cutting Machine can be classified into three types.

Such as- ManualSemi- Automatic

Automatic / Computerized

1) Manual Cutting Machine:

Hand Scissors.

2) Semi-Automatic Cutting Machine:

Straight knife of Cutting Machine.

Round Knife Cutting Machine.

Band Knife Cutting Machine.

Die Cutting Machine.

Notcher Machine.

Drill Machine.

3) Computerized Cutting Machine:

Knife Cutting Machine.

Laser Cutting Machine.

Water Jet Cutting Machine.

Airjet Cutting Machine.

Ultrasonic Cutting Machine.

Plasma Torch cutting Machine

Fiber laser cutting machine is a currently popular laser cutting type which adopts fiber laser source to fulfil perfect cutting effect. Fiber lasers are a type of solid state laser that is rapidly growing within the metal cutting industry.

Fiber technology utilizes a solid gain medium, as opposed to a gas or liquid. The “seed laser” produces the laser beam and is then amplified within a glass fiber. With a wavelength of only 1.064 micrometers, fiber lasers produce an extremely small spot size (up to 100 times smaller compared to the CO2) making it ideal for cutting reflective metal material.

Fiber laser source can outputs high-powered laser beam that focuses on the surface of materials, vaporizing or melting the focused area instantaneously. Controlled by numerical and mechanical system, the laser head is moved and laser spot is also changed accordingly to achieve automatic cutting with fast speed and high accuracy. Fiber laser cutter has been developed into a highly precise laser cutting type, widely used in metal parts processing industries.

Fiber laser cutting machine is able to process a wide range metal materials, including stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum, galvanized sheet, copper, silver, gold and so on, for which different fiber laser sources could be opted regarding to the features of metals.

In addition to sheet metals cutting, fiber laser cutting machine also could process profiled metals and steel pipes. A set of steel pipe cutting system can be configured to the machine to broaden its cutting capacity. The cutting edge is neat and smooth to meet high industrial requirement.

Fiber laser has higher energy conversion rate that can reach up to 30%, saving operation and maintenance cost.

Fiber lasers are designed with semiconductor modular and redundancy, and there is no optical lens in resonant cavity. So no need to spend much time starting and adjusting the machine before cutting work, which is incomparable among traditional laser machines.

Protective lens is configured in fiber laser head to protect focus lens and reduce parts consumption.

Laser head won’t touch the materials directly so as not to scratch the materials and ensure quality cutting effect.

Fiber laser produces the smallest kerf and thermal area, which keeps the cutting stability and avoid deformation of the material.

02mm/min cutting accuracy and fast cutting speed markedly increases the work efficiency of metal parts manufacturing.

Fiber laser cutting machine works in a safe and environmentally friendly way. Little pollution and noise will be produced and workshop environment is well protected.

As a professional fiber laser equipment manufacturer, we are specialized in fiber laser cutting machine and fiber laser marking/engraving machine manufacturing and technical service. For more details about fiber laser cutting machine selection and operation, please contact us for customized laser solution to upgrade your business.

Fabric lasers are a type of solid state laser with best beam quality.The beam diameter of the fiber is smaller than on CO2 resulting in finer details in work.Fiber laser cutting machines are 100 times stronger than gas laser machine. Due to its set of great features Fiber Laser Cutting Machines find their use in wide range of applications, 5 such uses are listed below:

Medical devices: Medical field cannot imagine its present and future without fiber laser cutting machines. From cutting small components for really complex medical devices to laser surgeries performed on human tissues laser cutting is used at every step in the medical field.

Jewelry: Jewelry manufacturers were in desperate need of a reliable and cost effective technology which can provide precise cutting, superior edge quality, ability to cut complex shapes and high production ability in less time. A fiber laser cutting machine fulfilled all these requirements and is widely used today in this industry.

Automotive: The automotive industry is huge and developing every second. Use of Fiber Laser cutting machines makes it easier for this industry to cope with everyday advancement in design and technology. These machines are excellent for cutting smaller and complicated components used in automobiles, also cuts hydro formed parts, which are metal parts formed in 3D shapes, with great accuracy. These machines are not only specialized in cutting metal but a couple of other materials too, like cloth for airbags. It leaves no fraying while cutting the cloth, unlike conventional processes which use blades.

Electronics: Silicon is the most important material used on PCB’s in semiconductor, microelectronics industries. As electronic devices are getting more and more compact with each passing day, PCB’s are bound to get smaller. In such a case Fiber laser cutting machines are ideal to cut thin and delicate material like silicon.

Textile Industry: Fabric laser cutting machines are gaining popularity around textile industries these days because of their extreme accuracy, clean cuts, sealed fabric edges to prevent fraying and capability to cut different kinds of fabric like polyester, silk, cotton, leather, nylon and neoprene.

In spite of being a newer development in the area of lasers, Fiber Laser Cutting Machines established themselves pretty well against traditional cutting machines. fiber-mart.com is very well known the manufacturer of Fiber laser cutting machines situated at Navi Mumbai. Scantech is popular for its technical innovations in various fields of custom laser applications.

The optical devices most often used to selectively transmit certain wavelengths are called filter, which covers a broad range of devices, including attenuators. Filters play important roles in Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) systems, although other technologies also may be used. WDM Filters can separate or combine optical signals carried on different wavelengths in a cost-effective manner.

In the world of optics, “filter” often is a broad term applied to components that filter out part of the incident light and transmit the rest. In WDM systems, the wavelengths that are not transmitted through the filter normally are reflected so they can go elsewhere in the system. Such filters are like mirror shades or one-way mirrors, which reflect most incident light, but transmit enough for you to see through them.

Common optical filters accommodate channel growth without service interruption. In addition, the filters’ low network-to-express loss allows stacking, which is essential for scaling new wavelengths. Most filters are equipped with an express port to pass through non-dropped/added WDM channels. Interconnecting express ports of two filters forms an Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) with east/west fiber connections. High filter isolation eliminates disruptive “shadow” wavelengths and allows channels that have been dropped at a node to be used elsewhere downstream.

Interference filters and other technologies can be used to separate and combine wavelengths in WDM systems. Several approaches are now competing for WDM applications, some technologies appear to have advantages for certain types of WDM systems, but the field is still evolving, and no single approach dominates. Although these technologies work in different ways, they can achieve the common goal of optical multiplexing and demultiplexing.

There are three competing filtration technologies: Thin Film Filters (TFF), Array Waveguides (AWG), and Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). Thin film filters were adopted very early and have been widely deployed because they have the unique attributes that meet the stringent requirements of optical communication systems.

Wide band WDM filters – They are used in EDFAs as pump couplers and supervisory channel monitors. This family of filters covers a wide variety of other filters. Their applications range from CWDM (Coarse WDM), to bi-directional transceivers, to 1310/1490/1550 nm tri-band filters for fiber to the home (FTTH).

Fiber Bragg gratings work similarly by reflecting specific wavelengths. WDM applications require the use of many interference filters or fiber gratings, with each one picking off an individual wavelength or group of wavelengths.

FTTX Filter WDM module is based on thin film filter technology. FiberStore Filter-Based WDM product family covers following wavelength windows commonly used in optical fiber systems: 1310/1550nm (for WDM or DWDM optical communications), 1480/1550nm (for high-power DWDM optical amplifier/EDFA), 1510/1550nm (for DWDM multi-channel optical networks) and 980/1550nm (for high performance DWDM optical amplifier/EDFA) and 1310/1490/1550nm (for PON/FTTX/test instrument). Compared with fused fiber WDM couplers, filter-based WDM components have much wider operating bandwidth, lower insertion loss, higher power handling, high isolation, etc.