Author: Fiber-MART.COM

eShop of Fiber Optic Network, Fiber Cables & Tools

What are the key factors that affect the performance of DAC high-speed cables?

 The English translation of high-speed cable is Direct Attach Cable, or DAC for short. This article will introduce several key factors that affect the transmission performance of DAC high-speed cable.

1. Cable attenuation

Cable attenuation refers to the reduction or loss of signal energy that occurs during the transmission of information to the device through the cable. During the transmission of high-speed cables, as the frequency increases, the attenuation will increase. In addition to the increase in frequency attenuation, temperature will also increase the attenuation of the cable. For every 10°C increase in temperature, the signal attenuation of the cable will increase by 4%.

2. Cable crosstalk

Crosstalk is also an important factor affecting cable performance. Crosstalk is a harmful interference signal, which comes from the coupling effect between pairs. This type of noise will cause random changes in signal amplitude, which will limit the receiver’s ability to monitor changes in signal waveforms, thereby affecting the bit error rate and reliability of the transmitted signal.

 3. The cable is excessively bent

Cable bending will weaken the transmission signal, the cable is easy to bend, and the recovery ability after bending is relatively poor. In addition, the cable insulation part is a foamed structure, which has poor mechanical properties and is easily squeezed or stretched. It will be deformed to damage the foam layer structure. Therefore, in the process of using high-speed cables, we should try our best to avoid twisting and bending the insulated core wire, which will cause the conductor to bend and affect the performance.

4. Wiring environment

The operating environment will also affect the performance and service life of high-speed cables. Factors such as high temperature, ultraviolet radiation, and too much humidity will affect the transmission performance of high-speed cables. Therefore, when we lay out cables outdoors, we should lay them out under the eaves. In a place protected from light, moisture, and shade.

5. Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference

Copper cables are most afraid of EMI/RFI (electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference) during application. Although high-speed cables are generally resistant to electromagnetic/radio frequency interference, we should also avoid potential Source of interference.

6. Grounding

Correct grounding is the key to effective shielding. Failure to ground or incorrect grounding may reduce the effectiveness of the shielding. The ideal shield grounding should have only a single contact. When the interference signal is coupled to the shielding layer, the current will be led to the ground, avoiding the influence of the wire pairs under the shielding layer.

Three application scenarios of POE optical fiber media converter

 POE optical fiber media converter is one of the common equipment to build enterprise POE network architecture. It can use the existing unshielded twisted pair wiring to power the network equipment. In this article, ETU-LINK will introduce you the application scenarios of POE optical fiber media converter?

Poe optical media converter is a photoelectric converter with power over Ethernet (POE) function. It can supply power to remote IP cameras, wireless devices and VOIP phones through network cables, eliminating the trouble of installing power cables separately. Common POE optical fiber media converter in the market are usually configured with one RJ45 interface and one SFP interface. Other POE optical fiber media converter will be configured with duplex RJ45 interface and duplex optical fiber interface to support the use of fixed optical fiber connectors or SFP optical modules.

POE optical fiber media converter can be applied to wireless access points, IP cameras and VOIP phones. The application of POE optical fiber media converter in the above scenarios will be illustrated with schematic diagrams below.

1. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in wireless access point

2. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in IP camera

3. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in VOIP telephone

POE optical fiber media converter can meet the needs of long-distance, high-speed and high broadband gigabit Ethernet and fast Ethernet working group users. It can be widely used in various data communication fields such as security monitoring, conference system, intelligent building engineering and so on.

Three application scenarios of POE optical fiber media converter

 POE optical fiber media converter is one of the common equipment to build enterprise POE network architecture. It can use the existing unshielded twisted pair wiring to power the network equipment. In this article, ETU-LINK will introduce you the application scenarios of POE optical fiber media converter?

Poe optical media converter is a photoelectric converter with power over Ethernet (POE) function. It can supply power to remote IP cameras, wireless devices and VOIP phones through network cables, eliminating the trouble of installing power cables separately. Common POE optical fiber media converter in the market are usually configured with one RJ45 interface and one SFP interface. Other POE optical fiber media converter will be configured with duplex RJ45 interface and duplex optical fiber interface to support the use of fixed optical fiber connectors or SFP optical modules.

POE optical fiber media converter can be applied to wireless access points, IP cameras and VOIP phones. The application of POE optical fiber media converter in the above scenarios will be illustrated with schematic diagrams below.

1. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in wireless access point

2. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in IP camera

3. Application of POE optical fiber media converter in VOIP telephone

POE optical fiber media converter can meet the needs of long-distance, high-speed and high broadband gigabit Ethernet and fast Ethernet working group users. It can be widely used in various data communication fields such as security monitoring, conference system, intelligent building engineering and so on.

QSFP28 SR4 optical module connection solution and application field

 As a member of the new QSFP28 family, the 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical module is a very ideal solution in the short distance transmission of 100g network. The application of 100G will be more and more put into the actual environment. So what is the connection solution of 100G QSFP28 SR4 and what fields are it applied in? ETU-Link will unveil it for you.

Technology development of 100G optical module

Compared with 2.5G, 10G or 40G WDM systems, 100G optical transmission uses digital coherent receiver to map all optical attributes of optical signal to the electric domain through phase diversity and polarization state diversity. Using mature digital signal processing technology, polarization demultiplexing, channel damage equalization compensation, timing recovery, carrier phase estimation, symbol estimation and linear decoding are realized in the electric domain. While realizing 100G optical transmission, a series of significant technical changes have taken place in 100G optical module, including polarization multiplexing phase modulation technology, digital coherent reception technology, the third generation of super strong error correction coding technology, etc., which meets the needs of users with the times.

Functional characteristics of 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical modules

v It can transmit 70m in OM3 multimode fiber and 100m in OM4 multimode fiber

v Comply with QSFP28 MSA standard

v Comply with IEEE 802.3bm* 100Gbase-SR4

v The transmitter adopts 4x 25Gbps 850nm VCSEL

v The connector adopts 4x 25Gbps Electrical I/O

v Working temperature 0°C～70°C。

v Optical connector adopts Male MPO(MTP) receptacle。

v Support DDM function

100G optical module connection solution

100G is composed of four 25G channels, using MPO / MTP backbone jumper to realize direct data transmission of 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical module.

Application field of 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical module

The 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical module provided by ETU-Link mainly applies the high-speed optical module of data center. IEEE 802.3bm 100GBASE SR4 and 40GBASE SR4 and 40GBASE SR4 and Infiniband FDR / EDR 14x speed / enhanced speed. It can provide customers with high-efficient optical modules through proprietary design.

With the wide application of 100G network technology, the use of 100G optical module has become more and more common and cost-effective.

Optical Switch and Their Working

 Need of optical fiber amplifiers 

An optical amplifier solves the traditional distance problem as in anylong-distance telecommunication system such as a trans-Atlantic link. Due to optical signals traveling through the fiber, the signals become weaker in power. The farther you go, the signals become weaker till it gets too weak to be reliably detected.

With the help of fiber amplifiers fiber optic communication systems solve this problem along the way.

An optical fiber amplifier is an optical device purely. It never converts the incoming optical signal to an electronic signal at all. You can even call it an in-line laser. Dozens of optical channels can be simultaneously amplified by an optical fiber amplifier as they separately do not convert each channel into electronic signals. The optical switch isalso useful.

Optical fiber amplifiers and how do they work

An optical fiber amplifier is a section of optical fiber that with a rare-earth element such as erbium or praseodymium is doped.

By high power light (pump laser) the atoms of erbium orpraseodymium can be pumped into an excited state. From the high power levelexcited state into low power level stable state the erbium atoms will jump, and at the same time, they release their energy in the form of emitted light photons. Same as the input optical signal, the emitted photons have the same phase and wavelength, thus amplify the optical signal.

For an optical fiber communication system, this is a very convenient form of the amplifier as it is an in-line amplifier and it eliminates the requirement to do the optical-electrical and electrical-optical conversion process.

For the operation of fiber amplifiers, the pump laser wavelengths and the corresponding optical signal wavelengths are keyparameters. These wavelengths rely on the type of rare-earth element doped in the fiber and also on the composition of the glass in the fiber.

Gain is an important term in understanding fiber amplifier sand fiber adapter. The amplification per unit length of fiber is measured by gain. Gain usually depends on both the materials and the operating conditions, and for all materials, it varies with wavelength.

Working of Fiber Optic Adapter and its Classification

 Splitting an incident light beam into two or more light beams or vice versa, Fiber optic splitter or referred to as beam splitter is a passive optical component. Multiple input and output ends are present in a fiber splitter. For the convenience of network interconnections in a network, a fiber optic splitter is implemented whenever there is a requirement of the division of light transmission. 

Working of Fiber Optic Splitter  

Whenever there is the transmission of the light signal in a single-mode fiber, the light energy is not able to concentrate in the fiber core. Through the cladding of fiber, a small amount of energy is spread. The light-transmitting in a fiber adapter can enter into another optical fiber now if two fibers are enough for each other. Therefore, in the optical signal, the reallocation technique can be achieved in multiple fibers. 

Classification of Fiber Optic Splitter: There are two types of fiber optic splitter, one is a PLC splitter another is an FBT splitter.

PLC Splitter 

PLC is referred to as a planar lightwave circuit. There is a light circuit present at the edge of the chip that to in a ribbon form mounted on a carrier and fibers. As the material of lightwave circuit PLC splitter typically adopts silica glass and it also accepts various types of polished finishes. In a PLC splitter the substrate, waveguide, and lid are three basic layers. 

FBT Splitter 

To fuse several fibers FBT or fused biconical taper make use of the traditional technology. For a specific location and length, the alignment of fibers is done by heating. Until the parameters of the fiber collimator reach the required standards there will be no stopping for the fusion process. Fused fibers are very fragile; as a result, they are protected by a glass tube that is made of epoxy and silica powder. For the convenience of network interconnections, a fiber optic splitter is used. 

PLC splitter provides better performance and fewer limitations, but if you have budget limitations then FBT splitter is less expensive. You can even take the help of a professional if you are still not sure which one to choose.