Author: Fiber-MART.COM

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is the so-called Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology, which refers to a fiber optic data transmission technology, which uses the wavelength of the laser to transmit according to bits or string line transmission in the optical fiber. And DWDM optical transceiver module is the optical transceiver that combines this technology, there are 40 conventional channels.

DWDM optical transceiver modules have different fields of industrial communication networks, including long-distance backbone networks, metropolitan area networks (MAN), residential access networks and local area networks, etc. Today UnitekFiber will share and learn the relevant knowledge of DWDM optical transceiver modules.

What are the applications of DWDM optical transceiver modules？

DWDM optical transceiver modules amplify DWDM network optical fiber communication and fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, they fix ring topology and reconfigurable QADM etc.

What are the advantages of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules support pluggable and tunable, and there are 40 common channels to choose from. This achievement greatly reduces the demand for independent pluggable modules. On demand, DWDM optical transceiver modules have different channel intervals such as 0.4nm, 0.8nm, and 1.6nm, which can support long-distance transmission up to 100km, which can be used as an effective solution for line bandwidth expansion.

What are the classifications of DWDM optical transceiver modules?

DWDM optical transceiver modules on the market usually include: DWDM SFP, DWDM SFP+, DWDM XFP, DWDM X2, and DWDM XENPAK optical modules.

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

As the demand for data centers does not increase, traditional optical fibers not only reduce the space utilization rate of the data center, but also increase the management system of the cabling system. MPO/MTP fiber jumpers greatly improve the space utilization rate of the data center. Therefore, the current MPO fiber optic patch cords and MTP fiber optic patch cords are widely used.

Let’s introduce MTP/MPO fiber optic patch cord.

MTP/MPO fiber optic patch cords are composed of fiber optic connectors and fiber optic cables. According to the number of fiber cores, they can usually be divided into 4 cores, 8 cores, 12 cores, 24 cores, 48 cores, 72 cores and 144 cores. There are two types of MPO/MTP connectors, namely male connector and female connector. The difference between male and female connectors is that the male type has a pair of pins, while the female type does not.

Classification of MTP/MPO fiber jumper:

A. According to the optical fiber transmission mode: single-mode MPO/MTP fiber jumper and multi-mode MTP/MPO fiber jumper.

B. According to the application, MTP/MPO fiber jumpers are divided into branch fiber jumpers and non-branched jumpers. The short-meter fiber jumpers with branches are generally used in the distribution box and chassis, and the non-branched fiber jumpers are generally used. It is the backbone fiber jumper.

Line sequence structure of MPO/MTP fiber optic patch cord: Because the line sequence structure of MPO/MTP fiber optic patch cord connector is complicated, it should be carefully considered when using it, so it is very important to understand the line sequence structure of MPO/MTP fiber optic patch cord connector . The following is the wire sequence of the MPO/MTP fiber jumper: this wire sequence is 12 cores, and the 24 cores have the same structure as the 12 cores.

What are the advantages of MPO/MTP fiber optic patch cords?

The advantages of MPO/MTP fiber patch cords are: 1. Small diameter and small size, allowing the wiring aperture to be increased. 2. The special design of the connector can eliminate docking errors and greatly save installation time. 3. According to the different configuration requirements of users, the corresponding MPO/MTP fiber jumpers can be selected to meet different wiring requirements. 4. Each component has excellent optical and mechanical properties, and the insertion loss is relatively low in a high-speed network environment. 5. The micro-core cable used has a large limit to provide a bending radius, and the size and volume are relatively small.

Application of MPO/MTP optical fiber jumper: 1. High-density optical fiber line 2. Communication and cable television network 3. Data center wiring system 4. Local area network and wide area network user terminal. 5. Data center.

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

In the 2G/3G/4G era, mobile communication services are mainly embodied in voice and data services. With the increase in transmission speed and delay brought about by the 5G era, 5G can be deployed in more fields, such as VR/AR, autonomous driving, intelligent manufacturing, smart home, and Internet of Things. In the 5G paving project, the demand for fiber optic cable will also grow rapidly. Among them, the MPO/MTP cable with advantages has begun to gain more attention. This article will take a closer look at the advantages of MPO/MTP cables in 5G data centers.

Seven advantages of applying MPO/MTP cables in the data center:

1. Guarantee the effectiveness and safety of the investment. Although the application of MPO/MTP cable provides high requirements for the integrator’s preliminary and actual site survey capabilities, it can fully protect the investor’s control over the project and the right to use the product, avoiding material waste and project investment risks.

2. Affordable. Overall, the MPO/MTP pre-end approach does not add additional costs.

3. Easy to operate, easy to install, save installation time, and plug and play. We can make a simple comparison, such as laying a 288-core fiber optic cable, 3 construction workers, 2 sets of equipment, using traditional fusion fiber method, laying about 2 hours, and the time required for the fusion fiber plus installation is about 8 hours, a total of about 10 hours. And If the MPO/MTP pre-fabricated cable is used, the laying time is still 2 hours, but the installation time is greatly reduced, which takes about 45 minutes, which undoubtedly has a huge advantage in time cost.

4. The MPO/MTP pre-cast cable is fully tested in the factory, and no additional products are added during the installation process. The field test operation is simple.

5. The fiber link protection is sufficient, no solder joints and bare fibers are exposed to the air, and there are no problems such as aging and joint breakage.

6. Safe and easy to maintain, the mechanical performance of the MPO/MTP pre-harvest cable splitter is excellent, and the maintenance or operation process will not affect the normal use of the fiber.

7. Reinstallable and removable, the MPO/MTP patch panel can be quickly plugged and unloaded and reinstalled as needed.

Compared with ordinary fiber optic cable, the main features of MPO/MTP cable are high density and pre-formed end, and finally embodied in MPO/MTP multi-core connector.

Throughout the development of the industry, fiber optic connectors have two distinct stages of development. The first phase is to save space, fiber optic connectors evolved from the traditional FC, ST, SC to LC, MTRJ. The second phase is not only to save space but also to meet the requirements of multi-core use, fiber optic connectors evolved from LC, MTRJ to MU, MPO/MTP.

With the rapid development of 5G, data center interconnection, fiber sensing, and next-generation fiber technology, ultra-large capacity, ultra-high-speed, ultra-long-haul optical transmission networks will become necessary for 5G data center construction. Therefore, the technical and cost advantages of MPO/MTP cable make it very likely to become the mainstream way for future operators to build 5G data centers.       

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

Fiber cable is a kind of communication line in which a certain number of fibers are assembled according to a certain way. Some of them are wrapped with sheaths or outer sheaths, which are used to protect the fibers and realize the transmission of optical signals. Optical cables usually consist of one or more fibers.

There are different types of fiber cables, and there are various classification methods. Here are some commonly used classification methods.

First, classification according to structure

According to the structure, it can be divided into layered stranded fiber cable and bundle tube fiber cable.

(1) Layered stranded fiber cable

The layered stranded fiber cable is a rounded core composed of several reinforcing parts which hold the loosen sleeve around the center of the fiber. Metal or non-metal reinforcements are located in the center of the optical cable, and loose sleeves containing fiber cables are arranged around the reinforcements.

(2) Bundle tube fiber cable

The loose sleeve of the central bundle tube is located in the center of the optical cable, and the metal or non-metal reinforcements are arranged around the loose sleeve. The bundle-and-tube type optical cable inserts the optical fiber into the spiral space loose sleeve made of high modulus plastic. The sleeve is filled with waterproof compound. A layer of water-resisting material and armor material are applied outside the sleeve. Two parallel wires are placed on both sides and polyethylene sheathed cable is extruded.

The central bundle tube type fiber cable has simple structure, simple manufacturing process, better protection for optical fiber than other structures, which can withstand side pressure, thus improving the stability of network transmission; small cross section, light weight, especially suitable for overhead laying; flexible number of optical fibers in bundle tube.

Second, according to the use environment

Fiber cables can be divided into indoor and outdoor cables according to different use environments.

(1) Indoor fiber cables have smaller tensile strength and thinner protective layer, but they are relatively lighter and more economical. Indoor optical cables are mainly used in horizontal wiring subsystems and backbone subsystems.

(2) Outdoor optical cables have high tensile strength, thick protective layer, which are usually wrapped in metal skin. Outdoor optical cables are mostly used in building group subsystems, and can be used in outdoor buried, pipeline and other occasions.

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) fiber optic cabling is generally divided into the trunk part, distribution part, the introduction part, and access part from the base station to the user.

If the fiber link from the base station to the user passes through only one fiber cable segment (not counting the jump optical fiber), that is, each user has a direct cable to the board,What is the problem?

There are two main problems here. (1) The number of fiber optic cables connected to the base station is large, and the number of incoming fiber optic cables that can be tolerated by one base station is limited; (2) The distance for laying the fiber optical cable during installation is long, which is not convenient for installation. Limited by the above two aspects, such a base station can only allow dozens of users to access, and of course, there is no application set.

In order to solve the above problems, we made 2 improvements

(1) The fiber optical cable is out of the way with a large-core fiber optical cable, and then the fiber cable splice closure is divided into a plurality of small-core optical cables. It should be noted that if a fiber optic cable has too many branch points, it will affect the life and transmission indicators of the cable.

(2) Set the fiber distribution box at the location where the user is concentrated, as the branch point between the project and the loading. When the user puts the device, it is only necessary to put a small cable from the fiber distribution box to the user.

It is estimated that there are 10 fiber optical cables in one office, 6 to 12 fiber distribution boxes in each optical cable, and 8 users in each fiber distribution box. The number of service users in one office is 480 to 960. At this point, the fiber optic cable line from the office to the user has become two cable segments: Base station – distribution box, distribution box- user. Since the connection relationship of the optical fiber is fixed at the optical cable splice closure, and the attenuation is small, the cable splice closure is generally not used as the starting point of the segment.

Compared with Figure 1, the number of service users in the office in Figure 2 has increased several times, but the capacity is still too small. In addition, the user’s development is dynamic. If a location needs to add a fiber distribution box, it needs to be re-laying fiber cables from the base station.

03

As can be seen from the comparison of Fig. 3 and Fig. 2, from the perspective of reducing the number of outgoing optical cables and facilitating the loading, the capacity of the lifting station can be realized by adding branch points on the optical cable. There are two types of fiber optic cable branch points: fiber cable distribution box and fiber optical splice closure.

Through the optical cable distribution, one optical cable can be divided into multiple optical cables, and the number of different branches can be mainly limited by the laying conditions of the optical cable; the connection relationship between the optical cables is flexible. But it will increase the loss of active connections and make core management more difficult.

The number of cables that can be branched through the fiber spice closure is small, generally no more than 6 (1 into 5). There are generally cables left on both sides of the fiber splice box. If there are more cables in a splice closure box, the cable will appear messy and unsightly. Therefore, in general, the number of fiber splice closure to divergent fiber cables will be controlled within 4 (1 into 3).

By adding a fiber cable distribution box as fig. 5 shows, the number of service users in a distribution box is 480 to 960, and the number of service users in one transfer box is 8 to 12, and 6 to 12 fiber feeders are placed in each of the fiber-optic cables.

So how many fiber cable branches can a base station set? With 10 optical cables out of one base station and 3 optical connections per optical cable, 30 optical connections can be set. In this way, the capacity of a base station is about 14400-28800; such a large capacity can basically meet the needs of a large number of field.

The construction of the project will be limited by the construction conditions. For example, if the fiber optical cable network is to cover a residential area, the optical communication is preferably set in the residential area. However, when constructing a backbone optical cable base station, most of the residential properties will not be allowed to be constructed in their communities. When the market department and a certain community negotiated the conditions for engineering construction, the backbone optical cable project has already been completed.

The demand for engineering construction in residential areas, commercial buildings, and other cluster markets in the city are uncertain, and the construction of trunk optical cables must be completed within a certain period of time (generally within 2 to 3 months). In order to solve this contradiction, in the construction of the backbone optical cable, the trunk ONU is placed in a location close to the potential user group, convenient for the cable to be laid, and the installation conditions.

When there are construction conditions in residential quarters, commercial buildings, and other cluster markets, installing distribution ONU and wiring fiber cables from trunk ONU to distribution ONU as shown in Figure 6. Thus, the optical cable line from the base station to the user is divided into the following: the trunk section, the wiring section, the lead-in section, and the home section.

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

The advantage of optical cable is the necessary condition for the realization and development of optical cable transmission. Relative to the copper wire rate of 1.54MHZ per second, the operating speed of the fiber optic cable network has reached 2.5GB per second. 

From the perspective of bandwidth, the great advantage is that the optical fiber has a large information capacity, which means that it is possible to use a small-sized electronic cable without having to update or enhance the signal in the fiber cable transmission.Fiber-optic cables have a large impedance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors, or other adjacent cables, making them immune to electrical noise. From a long-term maintenance perspective, the maintenance cost of the fiber optic cable will be very low. 

Optical fiber transmission has the advantages of small attenuation, frequency bandwidth, strong anti-interference, high safety performance, small size, and light weight, so it has unparalleled advantages in long-distance transmission and special environments. The transmission medium is an important factor that determines the transmission loss. It determines the distance required to relay the signal. Optical fiber as a transmission medium for optical signals has the characteristics of low loss. The frequency band of optical fiber can reach more than 1.0GHz. The bandwidth of general images is only 8MHz. The image of one channel is more than enough to transmit with a core optical fiber, and it is more advantageous in transmitting voice, control signals or contact signals. 

The carrier wave in optical fiber transmission is light wave, which is an electromagnetic wave with extremely high frequency, which is much higher than the frequency used in radio wave communication, so it is not interfered. Moreover, the glass material used in the optical fiber is non-conductive and does not generate sparks due to disconnection, lightning strikes, etc., so it has strong safety and is particularly suitable for flammable and explosive situations.