Author: Fiber-MART.COM

eShop of Fiber Optic Network, Fiber Cables & Tools

Do you know what is contained in a fiber optic transceiver module?

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

I was asked to purchase some fiber optic transceivers like SFP transceivers online. The parameters shows the working the wavelength 1310nm,1550nm, LC connector and 2km. I really don’t know what’s that means. I think I need to know their structures first. I know there are articles shows what’s fiber opitc transceiver online but they are too long and difficult to understand. I need some breif explain that could help me get the parameters. Besides, could you recommend a good manufacturer that i can turn to customize my products?
Best reply by James:
Fiber optic transceivers are characterized by three sets of performance criteria: transceiver, receiver, and transmitter which will specified in the structure of the fiber optic transceiver.
The transmitter takes in an electrical signal and then converted it into an optical one with the light source device like a laser diode or LED. The light converted from the transmitter is then coupled into the fiber with a connector and is transmitted through the fiber cable plant outside. The light from the end of the fiber is coupled to a receiver in which a detector converts the light into an electrical signal and finally adopted by the receiver equipment.
When buy fiber optic transceivers online or customize the special transceivers from the OEM manufacturer, you need to specify the cable and connector type, and requirements for wavelength, operating voltage, data rate, and bandwidth. Light source is a transmitter specification, but generally determines the choice of a cable type.
VCSEL850
LED850, 1300
Fabry-Perot Laser850, 1310(1280-1330),1550(1480-1650)
DFB Laser1550 (1480-1650)
There are some renowned manufacturer like Cisco who sell network equipments with slots that lock out transceivers from other vendors, if your device is Cisco series ones, you can go to Cisco official website but the cost maybe a little bit high, so you can try some other manufacturers like one of my provider Fiber-mart.com in China, selling full ranges of compatible transceivers. Hope it will help.

Fiber optic cable work requires overnight closures of road

by http://www.fiber-mart.com

There will be overnight and early morning closures of Hurricane Ridge Road while crews install a fiber optic cable. The work is scheduled to start Monday and run through June 5.
Olympic National Park maintenance crews will work three weeks to install 12 miles of cable from Heart o’the Hills to Hurricane Ridge. The fiber optic cable will improve phone and digital communications from Hurricane Ridge, will improve the park’s two-way radio system and will reduce the park’s yearly utility costs by nearly $19,000, according to a park news release.
To accommodate the work, Hurricane Ridge Road will be open daily from 10 a.m. to sunset, and will remain fully open on weekends and Memorial Day, May 26.
Crews will work from 5 a.m.-3:30 p.m. daily; drivers should use caution and be alert for flaggers and workers along the road when it is open.
The Hurricane Ridge Visitor Center will be open daily throughout the work period, although some services may be limited on weekdays due to reduced electrical power. Full services will be offered weekends and Memorial Day.
Currently, phone and minimal data connections to Hurricane Ridge are provided through a microwave system which by today’s standards, is slow, unreliable and has limited capacity, park managers said. The new fiber optic cable will not only provide lower-cost communications, but will also supply reliable phone service to Hurricane Ridge and greatly increase bandwidth, allowing both park and concessioner staff to take advantage of technological advances.
For years, park communications, webcam images and weather data have been restricted by the limited capacity of the microwave system, which cost the park approximately $12,000 per year in lease fees. The new cable also will allow relocation of a key component of the park’s two-way radio system from a leased site outside the park to Hurricane Ridge, saving another $6,600 annually.

MTP/MPO Fiber Optic Cables in High-Density Wiring System

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In recent years, in order to adapt high speed and large capacity optical fiber communication systems of the high density and high efficiency cabling connecting needs, there are some companies have developed and research in MPO/MTP fiber connectors. Now the most popular 8 fiber MTP/MPO connector SM optical density is about five times as the SC connectors. Optical fiber connector affect the reliability and the performance of optical transmission system.
MTP/MPO high-density wiring system will be completed the termination, testing equipment in the factory, and plug and play all at the scene, support the deployment of high-density optical fiber connector, User data center shows that under the background of high capacity of wiring the the ideal solution for optical fiber connector need to have the characteristics of simple installation, construction speed, compact structure design and higher precision.
With the improvement of network speed, in terms of optical fiber, correlates twin-core fiber can support MB, gigabit application, but without the use of special coding and agreement, it is difficult to support the 40G and 100G two core optical fiber, and a single channel of 4 core or 10 core optical fiber, 40G and 100G in normal optical fiber communication networks just like the 8 core optical fiber and 20 core optical fiber, it has brought more challenges to the traditional data communication, so we need to use a high density of optical fiber. MPO/MTP Fiber Optic Cable conform to the current needs.
The product for the Multimode 10G OM3 MPO 12 Fiber Optic cable, multimode 10G MPO fiber optic patch cables for aqua skin. MPO (Multi-fiber Push On) is one of MT series connectors, the product used in core is not guided needle (also called the PIN needle) to connect, multimode MPO fiber optic patch cables compact design, a number of cores, small volume, and it is easy to connect and disconnect, moreover each MPO connector is according to the polishing face quality standards in polishing, it widely used in Optical Fiber Patch Cords connections high density integration in the process of wiring environment. fiber-mart.com can provide all kinds of multimode MPO fiber optic patch cords, connector type MPO or MTP specified by the customer, the length and the skin texture of multimode MPO fiber optic patch cables also allowed the customer to choose. The Products are accord with TIA/EI942, ISO/IEC24764 and EN 50173-5. Multimode 10G MPO fiber optic patch cable is one of the most production of MPO Fiber Optic Patch Cable in fiber-mart.com, and most widely used in the system of 10G to 100G.
fiber-mart.com is a largest manufacturer supplier of fiber optic network solutions in China. It offers various MTP/MPO products such as MTP/MPO cassettes, MTP/MPO modules and patch panels. Now you can custom your own optical networking devices and assemblies directly on the website.

How Fiber Transmission Works

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Light rays are modulated into digital pulses with a laser or LED and move along the core without penetrating the cladding. The light stays confined to the core because the cladding has a lower refractive index, which is the measure of a material’s ability to bend light.
This results in the phenomenon of total internal reflection (TIR), which happens when a propagating wave strikes a boundary between two mediums (in this case, the core and the cladding) at an angle larger than the fiber’s critical angle. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary (the cladding) and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, the wave cannot pass through and is entirely reflected.
Signal Attenuation
Signal attenuation in an optical fiber is measured in decibels (dB). Fiber optic cable specifications express loss as attenuation per 1 km length (dB/km). This value is multiplied by the total length of the optical fiber in kilometers to determine the fiber’s total loss in dB.
Light traveling in an optical fiber is not 100% efficient; there are several causes of signal attenuation. The loss of power also depends on the wavelength of the light and on the propagating material. For silica glass, the shorter wavelengths are attenuated the most. The lowest loss occurs at the 1550 nm wavelength, which is commonly used for long-distance transmissions.
Simplex OM3 10G 50/125 Multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cable
Loss Inherent to Fiber: Light loss in a fiber that cannot be eliminated during the fabrication process is due to impurities in the glass and the absorption of light at the molecular level. Loss of light due to variations in optical density, composition, and molecular structure is called Rayleigh scattering. Rays of light encountering these variations and impurities are scattered in many directions and lost.
The absorption of light at the molecular level in fiber is mainly due to contaminants in glass such as water molecules. The ingress of water molecules into an optical fiber is one of the main factors contributing to the fiber’s increased attenuation as it ages. Silica glass’s (Si02) molecular resonance absorption also contributes to some light loss.
Loss Resulting from Fiber Fabrication: Inconsistencies in the fiber manufacturing process will result in the loss of light. For example, a 0.1% change in the core diameter can result in a 10 dB loss per kilometer. Precise tolerances must be maintained throughout the manufacturing of the fiber to minimize loss.

The Fundamentals of Fiber Optic Cable Management

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Fiber optic cables are used frequently for today’s telecommunication network because of their high bandwidth, high reliability and relatively low cost. To maximize the network performance, a good cable fiber management system must be in place. There are four fundamental principles for a good fiber cable management system:
1. Bend radius reduction
Fiber bends beyond the specified minimum bending radius can cause signal loss or even break the fiber, causing service disruption. Today, industry standards for traditional singlemode jumpers typically specify a minimum bend radius of ten times the outside diameter of the jacketed cable or 1.5″ (38 mm), whichever is greater. This new breed of flexible singlemode optical fiber has the potential to significantly reduce these minimum bend radius requirements to values as low as 0.6″ (15 mm), depending on the cable configuration, without increasing attenuation.
A reduced bend radius fiber is able to withstand tighter bends within frames, panels and pathways. It also enhances the reliability of a network and reduces network down time.
2. Well defined cable routing paths
The major reason of optical fiber cable minimum bend radius violation is improper routing of fibers by fiber installation technicians. Routing paths should be clearly pre-defined and easy to follow. In fact, these paths should be designed so that the technician has no other option than to route the cables properly. If an option is given to technician, inconsistent human decision could cause improper routing, and causes bend radius violation. Well defined routing paths can standardize fiber optic installation process, and less training time is required for fiber technicians.
Simplex OS1 9/125 Singlemode Fiber Optic Patch Cable
3. Easy access to installed optical fibers
Allowing easy access to installed fiber cable is essential for maintaining proper bend radius protection. The system should be designed to ensure that individual fibers can be installed or removed easily without negative effects on nearby fiber cable.
4. Physical protection of installed optical fibers
The management system must provide measures to physically protect fiber cables from accidental damage by technicians and equipments. Otherwise, the network reliability and performance will be adversely affected.

How To Install Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables In Underground Ducts And Innerducts

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Fiber ducts are usually made from HDPE (high-density polyethylene), PVC or other compound. They are usually in black or gray. Fiber innerduct is usually orange or yellow.
:: Why usually fiber ducts and innerducts are corrugated?
Fiber ducts and innerducts are corrugated to provide the following benefits:
1. Decreasing pulling tensions during installation
2. Very flexible and can be used in installation locations where many turns are involved
3. After installation, corrugated innerduct should be left for a day to allow the innerduct to retreat back into the duct through its corrugated spring action
:: The use of pulling tape
Fiber optic cable pulling tape is preinstalled in fiber duct and innerduct in the factory. This saves significant time during the installation process. Duct and innerduct can also be pre-lubricated in the factory, thus significantly reduces pulling tensions.
:: Never bend over its minimum bend radius
Just like fiber optic cable, fiber duct and innerduct also have a minimum bend radius spec. Never ever should the duct or innerduct be bent tighter than its minimum bend radius.
:: What is supported radius?
The supported radius is the minimum bend radius when the duct is bent around a supporting structure such as in another duct or on a reel.
:: What is unsupported radius?
The unsupported radius is the minimum bend radius when the duct has no supporting structure in the bend.
Duplex OM1 62.5/125 Multimode Fiber Optic Patch Cable
:: Benefits of using fiber duct
Fiber duct protects the fiber cable and also provides an opportunity for future cable access and expansion. Fiber optic cable can be pulling into existing duct. The duct should usually be oversized to allow future cables be pulled in.
:: Benefits of using fiber innerduct
Fiber innerduct provides protection for the fiber cable from being disturbed by other companies’ cable installation operation. It also provides extra protection from the environment. Or fiber innerduct can be used in old duct installation.
:: Things to keep in mind
1. Install end plugs
After the fiber optic cable is installed into a duct or innerduct, end plugs should be installed to provide a water seal. No debris should be able to enter the duct or innerduct, and watertight should always be maintained for the duct or innerduct.
2. Duct and innerduct should be properly sized for future expansion possibility
As always, planning for future expansion is crucial for real successful projects. A maximum of 40% fill ratio is a good practice to follow. The duct size should be increased for long installation lengths with many turns. A larger duct can help to reduce cable-pulling tensions. Standard duct sizes vary from 3 to 8 inch ID and innerduct sizes vary from 0.75 to 2 inch.
:: The benefit of using duct lubricant
Duct lubricant can significantly reduce the cable’s coefficient of friction, thus lessening the pulling tension during cable pulling process. This is especially important in long cable duct pulls and pulls with many turns.
Duct lubricant spillage should be cleaned up as soon as possible to prevent accident since it is very slippery. Manufactures’ recommended procedure for cleaning lubricant provides good instruction on how to do the cleaning.