Category: Fiber Transceivers

The fused multimode Pump Combiners provide very high coupling efficiency over a wide wavelength range from multiple sources to one output fiber. The combiners are offering very high coupling efficiency, high optical power handling, back reflection, low insertion loss and zero-alignment. They ideally used in medical, spectroscopy, sensor, laser, and defense application. The multimode combiners are using the power the power from several multimode laser diodes, with an optional signal feed, into a single, double or triple clad output fiber.

What does it mean to have a multimode pump combiner?

The best combiners mean betting the most of the pump diodes, with minimal heat dissipation management. The combiners are meant to address fiber optic applications used in various markets like research, medical, telecom, and industrial. The processes are capable of high flexibility in the design leading to thousands of different fiber configurations.

Here are the different types of multimode pump combiner –

2×1 Multimode Pump Combiner

The pump combiner combines 2 multimode lasers power to create a high power output. It features exceptional optical characteristics and the output fiber is used to transmit energy fiber as the energy synthesis. It provides cost-efficient power transfer for high power applications like direct diode materials processing.

3×1 Multimode Pump Combiner

It combines 3 multimode laser powers to create a high power output. The fiber is transmitting energy as the energy synthesis and it offers efficient power transfer for high power applications. The Multimode Combiners are designed to meet a wide range of power handing configurations and adaption to different fiber types.

4×1 Multimode Pump Combiner

The pump combiner is combining 4 multimode lasers power to create a high power. The combiners have laser power to create exceptional optical characteristics and the output fiber is transmitting energy fiber and pumps cascading enables a maximum conservation of brightness.

7×1 Multimode Pump Combiner

The multimode pump combiner combines 7 multimode laser power to create high power output with consigned fibers. The optical fibers are transmitting energy fiber and the combiner offer efficient power transfer for high power applications.

The multimode combiners feature exceptional optical performance and the device can be used to combine the power from several multimode laser diodes with an optional signal feed. The high power package enables the achievement of power levels in a wide variety of fiber configurations. The fiber allows the optimization of designs and minimizes the transmission loss.

This paper explores using fiber optic cabling and sensors to achieve cost-effective, long-distance intrusion monitoring.  Also covered are the advantages of these non-electric, spark-free fiber optic sensors, which enable their use in chemical plants, underground installations and other environments where explosive gases may be present.

Background

The telecommunications industry has long known the advantages of using optical fiber to send information over great distances. Now the security industry has the opportunity to use the same technology to achieve long distance intrusion monitoring using the same technology and components as that used in a telecommunications network.

It must be recognized that using fiber optics in security applications is not a new idea. Security systems exist that use specialized, highly sensitive optical fiber involving doped fiber cladding and interferomic sensing equipment.

These highly sensitive security systems are not the subject of this paper. These systems are excellent for monitoring small areas, but they are not usually deployed to monitor distances greater than 1000 feet, such as the perimeter around an airport or large factory complex.  These systems are too expensive for such large-scale deployment, and they are so sensitive they can be subject to frequent nuisance alarms caused by environmental factors when monitoring large areas.

Instead, this paper focuses a new technique of applying common, low-cost optical fiber to monitor large-scale facilities.

A Cost-Effective Approach

This new approach takes advantage of optical fiber’s sensitivity to optical losses resulting from “macrobending,” i.e. bending fiber to a radius of curvature that is tight enough to produce measurable light loss.  Because this approach uses standard communication optical fiber, the tools, installation and maintenance of this type of security system is no different than that required for a standard fiber optic telecommunications link.

Actually, this technology has been used in communication closets for years to signal an alert if a fiber optic cable in a large network becomes broken, severely bent, or is otherwise damaged.

  For example, if a backhoe operator were to accidentally break a buried fiber optic telecommunications cable, repair personnel are alerted. They then use a device called an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) to identify the type of problem and pinpoint exactly where it occurred along many miles of cable.

  An OTDR is required to average thousands of reflections at intervals along the fiber to identify this break point, typically requiring 10 seconds or more to complete the process.

This inherent ability of fiber optic technology to pinpoint the location of a bent or broken cable makes this same technology ideal for pinpointing the location of an intruder. For example, if an intruder breaks or bends an optical fiber that has been installed around the perimeter of a facility, the location of their intrusion attempt can be pinpointed with an OTDR that is built into the system.

  One minor problem in using this approach in a security application is that for an OTDR to detect a measurable amount of optical loss, the optical fiber must either be broken or bent at a relatively sharp angle.  In most cases, an intruder would likely bend the cable only slightly to gain access to a protected facility; the light loss produced by this slight bend would not be enough to be detected by the OTDR.

  Fortunately, the solution is straightforward.  It involves installing simple spring-loaded triggering devices along the cable route that can sense a slight disturbance to the perimeter cable, and then magnify that disturbance by creating a much more pronounced bend in the cable. This tighter bend produces enough light loss to be detected by the OTDR.

A smooth connection between cable and other optical devices allows the optical signals to pass with low attenuation and little return loss, which is vital for telecommunication network. Fiber optic pigtails, compared with the regular fiber jumper, is terminated with fiber optic connector at only one side of the cable, which are usually used with fiber optic management equipment like ODF, splice closures and cross cabinets. Today’s article will provide some detailed information about fiber optic pigtails.

What Is Fiber Optic Pigtail?

Fiber optic pigtail is also called bare fiber. It is a kind of optical cable terminated with fiber optic connectors at one side of the cable while leave the other side no connectors, so that the connector side can link to the equipment (eg. fiber converter or optical transceiver module) and the other side can be melted with optical fiber. In fact, fiber optic pigtail and patch cord are similar in structure, fiber optic patch cable is composed of a fiber optic cable terminated with connectors on both ends. Sometimes, we cut the fiber optic patch cord in the middle, strip its jacket and then end up with a pigtail. Figure 1 shows the process of fiber optic pigtail splicing.

fiber-optic-pigtail-splicing

Fiber optic pigtails are designed to meet or exceed all of the performance requirements for current and proposed applications. They are available in various optical connector type, single-mode and multimode fiber, as well as fiber counts and cable structure. Here is what you need to know about the classification of fiber optic pigtails.

Divided by the Optical Connectors

Commonly used fiber optic pigtails are available in SC, FC, LC, ST, MU, E2000 and MTRJ type.

LC Fiber Optic Pigtails: LC features the low cost and high precision 1.25mm outer diameter ceramic ferrules and highly favored for single mode applications. LC fiber optic pigtail use LC connector and suit for density installations.

SC Fiber Optic Pigtails: SC connector is a non-optical disconnect connector with a 2.5mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule. It is light weight and economic to use in different applications such as CATV, LAN, WAN, test and measurement. SC fiber optic pigtails are also a commonly used pigtail type in cable installation. The following picture shows a SC fiber cable (left) and SC fiber optic pigtail (right) .

SC single-mode optic patch cable and SC fiber optic pigtail

ST Fiber Optic Pigtails: ST fiber optic connector is the most popular connector for multimode fiber optic LAN applications. It has a long 2.5mm diameter ferrule made of ceramic (zirconia), stainless alloy or plastic. SC fiber optic pigtails are used in telecommunications, industry, medical and sensor fields.

FC Fiber Optic Pigtails: FC fiber optic pigtails use the metallic body FC fiber optic connectors. FC features the screw type structure and high precision ceramic ferrules. FC fiber optic pigtails and related products are known for the general and average applications.

MU Fiber Optic Pigtails: MU connector is called “mini SC” as it is only half size of the SC and are more popular in Japan. Applications of MU connectors include high-speed data communications, voice networks, telecommunications, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). MU fiber optic pigtails use the MU connector that inherits the features and advantages of SC connector.

MT-RJ Fiber Optic Pigtails: MT-RJ fiber optic pigtails use the MT-RJ connectors that are specially designed for fast Ethernet. They are all duplex types with a mini ribbon fiber inside. MT-RJ inherit the features from the MT connectors and RJ45 connectors, as its name “MT-RJ”. MT-RJ optical fiber pigtails are small form connector products that fit for density applications.

E2000 Fiber Optic Pigtails: E2000 connector features a spring-loaded shutter which fully protects the ferrule from dust and scratches. With 1.25mm ferrule, snap-in mechanism, it is available in single mode and multimode. E2000 fiber optic pigtails also have a wide range of applications.

Single-mode and Multimode Fiber Optic Pigtails

Just as fiber optic patch cords, fiber optic pigtails can also be designed in multimode and single-mode fiber. Multimode fiber optic pigtails use 62.5/125 micron or 50/125 micron bulk multimode fiber cable and terminated with multimode fiber optic connector at one end. General multimode fiber optic cable jacket color is usually orange. In addition, 10G multimode fiber cables (OM3 or OM4) are also available in fiber optic pigtails. The jacket color of 10G OM3 and OM4 fiber optic pigtail is usually aqua.

Conclusion

Fiber optic pigtail can be fusion spliced onto a pre-terminated fiber optic cable assembly to extend the cable distance or onto field-terminated cables to provide the connectorized end. As noted before, fiber optic pigtail can be categorized by different standard. According to the cable jacket materials, there are PVC/LSZH fiber optic pigtail, armored fiber optic pigtail and waterproof fiber optic pigtail, etc. Fiberstore provides a wide range of fiber optic pigtails, including 9/125 single-mode, 62.5/125 multimode, 50/125 multimode and 10G 50/125µm OM3 types, simplex fiber, 4 fibers, 6 fibers, 8 fibers, 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 48 fibers and so on. These fiber pigtails can be with fan-out kits and fully compliant to Telcordia, EIA/TIA and IEC standards. If you have any requirement of our products, please send your request to us.

From multi-level laser amplifier, ring laser to the optical modulator, the Faraday rotator and isolator is a key component in a wide range of devices used in diverse verticals today. It plays a vital role in how these devices perform. Or in other words, the efficiency of these devices largely depends on faraday rotator and isolator. As to help you why you should invest in those, we will discuss those two vital components from every perspective – keys features, applications, and benefits.

What are faraday isolator and rotator?

The Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator that works on the Faraday Effect, and this is a reason the component is called Faraday rotator.  The component also based on magnetic effect. It works because one polarization of the light received is in the ferromagnetic resonance with the object which increases the phase velocity more than the other.

 Faraday rotator changes the polarization state of light that is run through it. As a result, the output polarization state is caused to move around by 45 degrees with respect to the input polarization.  When combined with mirror, the light reflected starts rotating by another 45 degrees, and this all results in a 90-degree rotation.  Moreover, the polarization handedness is reversed by the mirror, which results in a reflected polarization orthogonal to the original polarization. This is of immense importance if used in interferometers as the polarization changes through the fiber and is canceled out on the return journey.

While an optical isolator also known as an optical diode is an optical component that allows the transmission of light in only one direction.  The use of this component is meant to prevent unwanted feedbacks into the device called optical oscillator such as a laser cavity.

The component comes in various series. The high power series include in-line type, beam expanded and fiber-in and free space out isolators.  For example, 1064nm High Power Free-Space Isolator belongs to free space in and out isolator which is widely used in fiber laser and instrumentation applications.

Prime Applications

These two components have a slew of applications ranging from Multi-level laser amp to a number of instrumentation applications. It makes no sense discussing each and every use of those components here in the blog post. Instead, we will try to throw light on some of the most crucial applications. Below are some of their crucial uses.

Multi-level laser amplifier

Ring laser

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

Seed injecting laser

Optical modulator

Top benefits that make these components ideal choice

No matter what you do as a business outfit, to sustain and get an edge in this hyper-competitive world, you must work towards cutting on unwanted cost, follow highest standards in your domain, and provide top quality for low cost. And this is what Faraday rotators and isolators are all about. Some of the top benefits the components offer include low insertion loss, low cost, RoHS compliant, high reliability, high power handling and high isolation.

The polarization uncaring isolators are planned and made to Telcordial standard. The interesting assembling process and optical way without epoxy configuration improve the gadget’s powerful dealing with capacity. The gadgets are portrayed by elite, high unwavering quality, and ease. Polarization uncaring isolators have been generally utilized in EDFAs, Raman enhancers, DWDM frameworks, Fiber lasers, transmitters and other fiber optic correspondence hardware to smother back reflection and backscattering.

Prior to knowing the favorable circumstances and portraying the applications, it’s critical to comprehend what makes fiber optics innovation stand separated in contrast with traditional cabling frameworks. Semiconductor innovation has assumed a vital job in its sensational execution. It has created important light sources, photograph finders and optical instruments that make it better than a customary cable.

A portion of these advantages are:

Optical filaments offer low transmission misfortune and more extensive transmission capacities for moving information as light.

Their low weight and little measurements are focal points over cumbersome copper and other cable frameworks.

They are resistant to ecological electro-attractive obstructions in light of their dielectric nature.

Since they are built from glass or plastic they offer to finish electric disengagement. This makes them secure for submerged applications.

To wrap things up, there is a wealth of crude materials accessible for development of strands. This keeps their cost low in contrast with different cables.

Favorable circumstances

Presently we know about the things which make fiber optics the best accessible choice. The second essential thing to know is the thing that preference this innovation is putting forth to the customers. The points of interest recorded here are few; however, there are unquestionably preferences as a general rule. A few models of these favorable circumstances are:

Non-conductive nature of fiber:

The cables are non-conductive in nature as they are comprised of silica with a few protecting defensive layers over it. In this manner, they are resistive to lightning, rusting and corruption. This makes them reasonable for submerged applications like pools and spa light.

Dispose of start and stuns:

Electric signs are to a great degree perilous in numerous applications. They cause sparkles, make an electric current and can be hazardously incidental. Fiber optics are free from these issues as it doesn’t convey current.

Simple to install:

Traditional cables are thick, substantial and cumbersome which makes them exceptionally hard to install. Then again optic cables are more slender, light and adaptable which makes them simple to install in any area and they can be advantageously confined to any question.

Insusceptible to electromagnetic impedance:

This is the most valuable nature of optical fiber in the media transmission industry. This obstruction is a kind of clamor which lessens the nature of flag. Since optical fiber doesn’t convey current it is safe to this issue.

In short, we can state that Polarization Insensitive Optical Isolator is adaptable, dependable, and secure, protected, less inclined to natural risks or more all simple to install and oversee.

An opto-isolator is also known as optocoupler or optical isolator. It is the component that is transferring electric signals between two isolated circuits by using light. The isolators are preventing high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. The 1064nm High Power In Line Optical Isolator is a favorite choice for fiber optical isolators. There are manufacturers developing the differently sizes isolators with high power.

The light is reflected forward and backward in the isolator and it is valid in fiber optic correspondence system. A large portion of the reflections are unsafe in fiber optic systems and a large portion of the reflections are unsafe to the security of the framework which is valid for lasers. The manufacturers use a unique fusing technique to build SM fused WDM. It possesses the features of low insertion and low excess loss.

Here are the features of Fused WDM –

Good stability and reliability

Low PDL

Low insertion loss

High wavelength isolation

The optical isolator is used in the following applications –

Communication systems

EDFA module

Optical fiber amplifier

Optical fiber laser

The optical isolators are gadgets that transmit light in one way. It assumes an essential part in fiber optic frameworks by halting back-reflection and scattered light from achieving delicate segments.

How do optical isolators work?

The workings of an optical isolator depend upon polarization. An isolator is made out of a couple of direct polarizers and a Faraday rotator. The Faraday is sitting between the two polarizers and the two direct polarizers have spellbound light that is 45 degrees away. The Faraday rotator pivots the plane of polarization of lights regardless of the light voyaging bearing.  The Faraday rotator will pivot the enraptured light from the primary polarizer by 45° which precisely coordinates the polarization plane of the second polarizer.

The high power dual stage optical isolator is designed for high power applications by guiding light in the normal direction while minimizing back reflection. It is the ideal choice for applications in fiber amplifiers, optical fiber sensors, and pump laser diodes. The rugged laser systems are built to withstand extreme environments, from harsh temperatures and pressures to shock and vibration, allowing them to successfully operate in military and aerospace applications.