Author: Fiber-MART.COM

eShop of Fiber Optic Network, Fiber Cables & Tools

PM(1+1)×1 Pump and Signal Combiner

FM SKU#:SKU00226G2
Model#:FM-PC-PM(1+1)x1-A
MFG PART#:

PM(1+1)x1 PM Pump and Signal Combiner

PM(1+1)x1 PM Pump and Signal Combiner feature high power handling, low loss and high coupling efficiency from multimode pump fibers to PM signal fiber. This PM (1+1)×1 multi-mode fiber combiner combines 1 pump lasers and one PM signal channel into one double cladding PM output fiber. Fiber type can be customized. If you need more details, please contact at sales@fiber-mart.com.

 

Applications

 

  • High Signal Transfer Efficiency
  • High Power Fiber Amplifiers
  • Medical, industrial, defense

 

 

Features

 

  • Signal Operating Wavelength:
  • High Signal Transfer Efficiency
  • High PER
  • Wavelength Insensitive
  • Custom Configurations Available

 

 

Product specifications

 

  • Signal Operating Wavelength:1530-1575 nm
  • Pump Operating Wavelength: 800-1000nm
  • Configuration:PM(1+1)x1
  • Pump Fiber (core/clad, NA):105 /125 μm 0.15 or 0.22NA
  • Signal Input Fiber (core/clad, NA): PM 8/125um GDF 0.14/0.46NA
  • Output Fiber (core/clad, NA):PM 8/125um GDF 0.14/0.46NA
  • Total Input Power:14W/50W
  • Fiber length: 0.8m
  • Package Dimension: Ø4.0×60mm(14W) or 70×13×8mm(50W)

 

 

Parameter PM(1+1) ×1 PM(1+1) ×1
Signal Operating Wavelength 1530-1575 nm 1000-1200nm
Pump Operating Wavelength 800-1000 nm 800-1000 nm
Pump Fiber core/clad diameter NA 105 /125 μm; 0.15 or 0.22 105 /125 μm; 0.15 or 0.22
Signal Input Fiber core/clad diameter NA PM8/125umGDF 0.14/0.46 PM10/125umGDF 0.14/0.46
Output Fiber core/clad diameter NA PM8/125um GDF 0.14/0.46 PM10/125um GDF 0.14/0.46
Total power 14/50W 14W/50W
Maximum Signal Insertion Loss ＜0.5dB ＜0.5dB
ER (dB) ≥18 dB ≥18 dB
Pump Efficiency ≥90% ≥90%
Mechanical Specifications
Package Ø4.0×60mm(14W) or 70×13×8mm(50W) Ø4.0×60mm(14W) or 70×13×8mm(50W)
Fiber Length ＞800mm ＞800mm

Testing Fiber Optic Splitters Or Other Passive Devices

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A fiber optic splitter is a device that splits the fiber optic light into several parts by a certain ratio. For example, when a beam of fiber optic light transmitted from a 1X4 equal ratio splitter, it will be divided into 4-fiber optic light by equal ratio that is each beam is 1/4 or 25% of the original source one. A Optical Splitter is different from WDM. WDM can divide the different wavelength fiber optic light into different channels. fiber optic splitter divide the light power and send it to different channels.
Most Splitters available in 900µm loose tube and 250µm bare fiber. 1×2 and 2×2 couplers come standard with a protective metal sleeve to cover the split. Higher output counts are built with a box to protect the splitting components.
Testing a coupler or splitter (both names are used for the same device) or other passive fiber optic devices like switches is little different from testing a patchcord or cable plant using the two industry standard tests, OFSTP-14 for double-ended loss (connectors on both ends) or FOTP-171 for single-ended testing.
First we should define what these passive devices are. An optical coupler is a passive device that can split or combine signals in optical fibers. They are named by the number of inputs and outputs, so a splitter with one input and 2 outputs is a 1×2 fiber splitter, and a PON splitter with one input and 32 outputs is 1×32 splitter. Some PON splitters have two inputs so it would be a 2X32. Here is a table of typical losses for splitters.
Important Note! Mode Conditioning can be very important to testing couplers. Some of the ways they are manufactured make them very sensitive to mode conditioning, especially multimode but even singlemode couplers. Singlemode couplers should always be tested with a small loop in the launch cable (tied down so it does not change and set the 0dB reference with the loop.) Multimode couplers should be mode conditioned by a mandrel wrap or similar to ensure consistency.
Let’s start with the simplest type. Shown below is a simple 1X2 splitter with one input and two outputs. Basically, in one direction it splits the signal into 2 parts to couple to two fibers. If the split is equal, each fiber will carry a signal that is 3dB less than the input (3dB being a factor of two) plus some excess loss in the coupler and perhaps the connectors on the splitter module. Going the other direction, signals in either fiber will be combined into the one fiber on the other side. The loss is this direction is a function of how the coupler is made. Some couplers are made by twisting two fibers together and fusing them in high heat, so the coupler is really a 2X2 coupler in which case the loss is the same (3dB plus excess loss) in either direction. Some splitters use optical integrated components, so they can be true splitters and the loss in each direction may different.
So for this simple 1X2 splitter, how do we test it? Simply follow the same directions for a double-ended loss test. Attach a launch reference cable to the test source of the proper wavelength (some splitters are wavelength dependent), calibrate the output of the launch cable with the meter to set the 0dB reference, attach to the source launch to the splitter, attach a receive launch cable to the output and the meter and measure loss. What you are measuring is the loss of the splitter due to the split ratio, excess loss from the manufacturing process used to make the splitter and the input and output connectors. So the loss you measure is the loss you can expect when you plug the splitter into a cable plant.
To test the loss to the second port, simply move the receive cable to the other port and read the loss from the meter. This same method works with typical PON splitters that are 1 input and 32 outputs. Set the source up on the input and use the meter and reference cable to test each output port in turn.
What about the other direction from all the output ports? (In PON terms, we call that upstream and the other way from the 1 to 32 ports direction downstream.) Simply reverse the direction of the test. If you are tesing a 1X2 splitter, there is just one other port to test, but with a 1X32, you have to move the source 32 times and record the results on the meter.
What about multiple input and outputs, for example a 2X2 coupler? You would need to test from one input port to the two outputs, then from the other input port to each of the two outputs. This involves a lot of data sometimes but it needs to be tested.
There are other tests that can be performed, including wavelength variations (test at several wavelengths), variations among outputs (compare outputs) and even crosstalk (put a signal on one output and look for signal on other outputs.)
Once installed, the splitter simply becomes one source of loss in the cable plant and is tested as part of that cable plant loss for insertion loss testing. Testing splitters with an OTDR is not the same in each direction.
Other Passive Devices
There are other passive devices that require testing, but the test methods are similar.
Fiber optic switches are devices that can switch an input to one of several outputs under electronic control. Test as you would the splitter as shown above. Switches may be designed for use in only one direction, so check the device specifications to ensure you test in the proper direction. Switches may also need testing for consistency after multiple switch cycles and crosstalk.
Attenuators are used to reduce signal levels at the receiver to prevent overloading the receiver. There is a page on using attenuators that you should read. If you need to test an attenuator alone, not part of a system, use the test for splitters above by using the attenuator to connect the launch and receive cables to see if the loss is as expected.
Wavelength-division multiplexers can be tricky to test because they require sources at a precise wavelenth and spectral width, but otherwise the test procedures are similar to other passive components.
Fiber optic couplers or splitters are available in a wide range of styles and sizes to split or combine light with minimal loss. All couplers are manufactured using a very simple proprietary process that produces reliable, low-cost devices. They are physically rugged and insensitive to operating temperatures. Couplers can be fabricated in custom fiber lengths and/or with terminations of any type.

Commonly Utilized Multimode Pump Combiners

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Multimode combiners can be utilized to consolidate the power from a variety of multimode laser diodes, with a signal feed (which is not essential), into a solitary, double or triple clad fiber output. These combiners are intended to address fiber optic applications utilized as a part of different markets, including telecom, research, industrial and medical.
There are several manufacturers of multimode pump combiner in China and their procedures are able to do high adaptability in the designing that leads to a large number of various fiber configurations. Most configurations are accessible with various power levels and with various packaging availabilities, made it suitable for your application whether you work with lower Watts or up to levels of multi-kW. Manufacturers work considering the design you will provide them according to your requirement on the basis of that they offer sufficient solutions with pump input ports that are coordinated with the pigtail fibers of all laser diodes that are available in the market.
End pump multimode combiner, this kind of multimode pump combiner is highly efficient in handling maximum power. These are especially enhanced to perform as co-pumped designs where you require the highest pump power. End Pump Multimode Combiners highlight extraordinary optical execution. These small devices can be utilized to consolidate the power from a few multimode laser diodes with a discretionary signal feed into a double or triple clad fiber output. Coordinated to the particular pump fiber you are utilizing, one can give a combiner that will fit your laser diode provider.
Some high power packages let the manufacturers to accomplish multi-kW control levels in a wide assortment of fiber setups. Their unparalleled comprehension of light spread in the fiber enables them to enhance the designs and limit transmission loss while protecting the transfer of brightness.
Side pump, multimode pump and signal combiners include excellent optical execution. These devices can be utilized to join the power from a few multimode laser diodes with a signal feed into a double clad fiber (DCF). In Side Pump combiners, the input and output ports are the same consistent fiber, giving excellent signal transmission execution and low signal debasement.
They are offered from 1 up to 6 pump input ports, in a wide assortment of fiber setups. Manufacturers provide these in low, medium or high-control packages.
Direct pump multimode combiners are made of glass at all and provide high brightness output; they are usually optimized for direct pumping applications or to be utilized in ‘combiner tree’ architectures. These devices can also be utilized for the same purpose that other two are utilized. They can meet an extensive variety of power handling prerequisites and a huge determination of input/output fiber composes.
These “all glass” or huge output center Multimode Combiners come in some powerful packages and offer a most extreme protection of brightness for high power applications like direct diode materials handling and first phase of “combiner tree” fiber laser designing.

The Features and Characteristics of Multimode Pump Combiner

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The fused multimode Pump Combiners provide very high coupling efficiency over a wide wavelength range from multiple sources to one output fiber. The combiners are offering very high coupling efficiency, high optical power handling, back reflection, low insertion loss and zero-alignment. They ideally used in medical, spectroscopy, sensor, laser, and defense application. The multimode combiners are using the power the power from several multimode laser diodes, with an optional signal feed, into a single, double or triple clad output fiber.
What does it mean to have a multimode pump combiner?
The best combiners mean betting the most of the pump diodes, with minimal heat dissipation management. The combiners are meant to address fiber optic applications used in various markets like research, medical, telecom, and industrial. The processes are capable of high flexibility in the design leading to thousands of different fiber configurations.
Here are the different types of multimode pump combiner –
2×1 Multimode Pump Combiner
The pump combiner combines 2 multimode lasers power to create a high power output. It features exceptional optical characteristics and the output fiber is used to transmit energy fiber as the energy synthesis. It provides cost-efficient power transfer for high power applications like direct diode materials processing.
3×1 Multimode Pump Combiner
It combines 3 multimode laser powers to create a high power output. The fiber is transmitting energy as the energy synthesis and it offers efficient power transfer for high power applications. The Multimode Combiners are designed to meet a wide range of power handing configurations and adaption to different fiber types.
4×1 Multimode Pump Combiner
The pump combiner is combining 4 multimode lasers power to create a high power. The combiners have laser power to create exceptional optical characteristics and the output fiber is transmitting energy fiber and pumps cascading enables a maximum conservation of brightness.
7×1 Multimode Pump Combiner
The multimode pump combiner combines 7 multimode laser power to create high power output with consigned fibers. The optical fibers are transmitting energy fiber and the combiner offer efficient power transfer for high power applications.
The multimode combiners feature exceptional optical performance and the device can be used to combine the power from several multimode laser diodes with an optional signal feed. The high power package enables the achievement of power levels in a wide variety of fiber configurations. The fiber allows the optimization of designs and minimizes the transmission loss.

Fiber Optic Technology In Security Applications

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This paper explores using fiber optic cabling and sensors to achieve cost-effective, long-distance intrusion monitoring.  Also covered are the advantages of these non-electric, spark-free fiber optic sensors, which enable their use in chemical plants, underground installations and other environments where explosive gases may be present.
Background
The telecommunications industry has long known the advantages of using optical fiber to send information over great distances. Now the security industry has the opportunity to use the same technology to achieve long distance intrusion monitoring using the same technology and components as that used in a telecommunications network.
It must be recognized that using fiber optics in security applications is not a new idea. Security systems exist that use specialized, highly sensitive optical fiber involving doped fiber cladding and interferomic sensing equipment.
These highly sensitive security systems are not the subject of this paper. These systems are excellent for monitoring small areas, but they are not usually deployed to monitor distances greater than 1000 feet, such as the perimeter around an airport or large factory complex.  These systems are too expensive for such large-scale deployment, and they are so sensitive they can be subject to frequent nuisance alarms caused by environmental factors when monitoring large areas.
Instead, this paper focuses a new technique of applying common, low-cost optical fiber to monitor large-scale facilities.
A Cost-Effective Approach
This new approach takes advantage of optical fiber’s sensitivity to optical losses resulting from “macrobending,” i.e. bending fiber to a radius of curvature that is tight enough to produce measurable light loss.  Because this approach uses standard communication optical fiber, the tools, installation and maintenance of this type of security system is no different than that required for a standard fiber optic telecommunications link.
Actually, this technology has been used in communication closets for years to signal an alert if a fiber optic cable in a large network becomes broken, severely bent, or is otherwise damaged.
  For example, if a backhoe operator were to accidentally break a buried fiber optic telecommunications cable, repair personnel are alerted. They then use a device called an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) to identify the type of problem and pinpoint exactly where it occurred along many miles of cable.
  An OTDR is required to average thousands of reflections at intervals along the fiber to identify this break point, typically requiring 10 seconds or more to complete the process.
This inherent ability of fiber optic technology to pinpoint the location of a bent or broken cable makes this same technology ideal for pinpointing the location of an intruder. For example, if an intruder breaks or bends an optical fiber that has been installed around the perimeter of a facility, the location of their intrusion attempt can be pinpointed with an OTDR that is built into the system.
  One minor problem in using this approach in a security application is that for an OTDR to detect a measurable amount of optical loss, the optical fiber must either be broken or bent at a relatively sharp angle.  In most cases, an intruder would likely bend the cable only slightly to gain access to a protected facility; the light loss produced by this slight bend would not be enough to be detected by the OTDR.
  Fortunately, the solution is straightforward.  It involves installing simple spring-loaded triggering devices along the cable route that can sense a slight disturbance to the perimeter cable, and then magnify that disturbance by creating a much more pronounced bend in the cable. This tighter bend produces enough light loss to be detected by the OTDR.

Introduction to Fiber Optic Pigtails

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A smooth connection between cable and other optical devices allows the optical signals to pass with low attenuation and little return loss, which is vital for telecommunication network. Fiber optic pigtails, compared with the regular fiber jumper, is terminated with fiber optic connector at only one side of the cable, which are usually used with fiber optic management equipment like ODF, splice closures and cross cabinets. Today’s article will provide some detailed information about fiber optic pigtails.
What Is Fiber Optic Pigtail?
Fiber optic pigtail is also called bare fiber. It is a kind of optical cable terminated with fiber optic connectors at one side of the cable while leave the other side no connectors, so that the connector side can link to the equipment (eg. fiber converter or optical transceiver module) and the other side can be melted with optical fiber. In fact, fiber optic pigtail and patch cord are similar in structure, fiber optic patch cable is composed of a fiber optic cable terminated with connectors on both ends. Sometimes, we cut the fiber optic patch cord in the middle, strip its jacket and then end up with a pigtail. Figure 1 shows the process of fiber optic pigtail splicing.
fiber-optic-pigtail-splicing
Fiber optic pigtails are designed to meet or exceed all of the performance requirements for current and proposed applications. They are available in various optical connector type, single-mode and multimode fiber, as well as fiber counts and cable structure. Here is what you need to know about the classification of fiber optic pigtails.
Divided by the Optical Connectors
Commonly used fiber optic pigtails are available in SC, FC, LC, ST, MU, E2000 and MTRJ type.
LC Fiber Optic Pigtails: LC features the low cost and high precision 1.25mm outer diameter ceramic ferrules and highly favored for single mode applications. LC fiber optic pigtail use LC connector and suit for density installations.
SC Fiber Optic Pigtails: SC connector is a non-optical disconnect connector with a 2.5mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule. It is light weight and economic to use in different applications such as CATV, LAN, WAN, test and measurement. SC fiber optic pigtails are also a commonly used pigtail type in cable installation. The following picture shows a SC fiber cable (left) and SC fiber optic pigtail (right) .
SC single-mode optic patch cable and SC fiber optic pigtail
ST Fiber Optic Pigtails: ST fiber optic connector is the most popular connector for multimode fiber optic LAN applications. It has a long 2.5mm diameter ferrule made of ceramic (zirconia), stainless alloy or plastic. SC fiber optic pigtails are used in telecommunications, industry, medical and sensor fields.
FC Fiber Optic Pigtails: FC fiber optic pigtails use the metallic body FC fiber optic connectors. FC features the screw type structure and high precision ceramic ferrules. FC fiber optic pigtails and related products are known for the general and average applications.
MU Fiber Optic Pigtails: MU connector is called “mini SC” as it is only half size of the SC and are more popular in Japan. Applications of MU connectors include high-speed data communications, voice networks, telecommunications, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). MU fiber optic pigtails use the MU connector that inherits the features and advantages of SC connector.
MT-RJ Fiber Optic Pigtails: MT-RJ fiber optic pigtails use the MT-RJ connectors that are specially designed for fast Ethernet. They are all duplex types with a mini ribbon fiber inside. MT-RJ inherit the features from the MT connectors and RJ45 connectors, as its name “MT-RJ”. MT-RJ optical fiber pigtails are small form connector products that fit for density applications.
E2000 Fiber Optic Pigtails: E2000 connector features a spring-loaded shutter which fully protects the ferrule from dust and scratches. With 1.25mm ferrule, snap-in mechanism, it is available in single mode and multimode. E2000 fiber optic pigtails also have a wide range of applications.
Single-mode and Multimode Fiber Optic Pigtails
Just as fiber optic patch cords, fiber optic pigtails can also be designed in multimode and single-mode fiber. Multimode fiber optic pigtails use 62.5/125 micron or 50/125 micron bulk multimode fiber cable and terminated with multimode fiber optic connector at one end. General multimode fiber optic cable jacket color is usually orange. In addition, 10G multimode fiber cables (OM3 or OM4) are also available in fiber optic pigtails. The jacket color of 10G OM3 and OM4 fiber optic pigtail is usually aqua.
Conclusion
Fiber optic pigtail can be fusion spliced onto a pre-terminated fiber optic cable assembly to extend the cable distance or onto field-terminated cables to provide the connectorized end. As noted before, fiber optic pigtail can be categorized by different standard. According to the cable jacket materials, there are PVC/LSZH fiber optic pigtail, armored fiber optic pigtail and waterproof fiber optic pigtail, etc. Fiberstore provides a wide range of fiber optic pigtails, including 9/125 single-mode, 62.5/125 multimode, 50/125 multimode and 10G 50/125µm OM3 types, simplex fiber, 4 fibers, 6 fibers, 8 fibers, 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 48 fibers and so on. These fiber pigtails can be with fan-out kits and fully compliant to Telcordia, EIA/TIA and IEC standards. If you have any requirement of our products, please send your request to us.